Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase)
 28,390 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The purification of the pregnancy zone protein by means of immunoadsorbents is described. The pregnancy zone protein antibody was isolated from an absorbed rabbit antiserum and coupled with CNBr-activated sepharose. The pregnancy zone protein was isolated from pregnancy serum by the specific antibody cross-linked with sepharose. Contaminating serum proteins were eliminated by "inverse" immunoadsorption using antibodies against these proteins coupled with sepharose. An immunoelectrophoretically pure pregnancy zone protein was obtained. By means of a combination of immunoprecipitation and enzyme reaction in agar gel could be excluded that the pregnancy zone protein possesses activities of the following 11 enzymes: ceruloplasmin, leucine amino peptidase, alkaline phosphatase, carboxylic esterase, lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphat-dehydrogenase, cholinesterase, acetyl cholinesterase and oxytocinase.
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PMID:[Isolation of "pregnancy-zone" proteins using immuno absorbents and study of possible enzyme activities]. 17 12

Blood samples collected in a single Pygmy tribe, the Aka, living in Bokoka district (Central African Empire) were investigated with respect to the phenotype and gene frequencies of the following 12 enzyme systems: acid phosphatase, adenosine deaminase, adenylate kinase, carbonic anhydrase, esterase D, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucomutase 1, phosphoglucomutase 2, phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase and serum cholinesterase variants (locus E1 and E2). The data obtained in the study of genetic polymorphisms of this isolated and inbred population show a specific pattern with the following characteristics: the very low frequency of PGDB and pa alleles; the existence of two rare PGM variants at the PGM2 locus, typical PGM26Pyg (4.2%) and PGM29 (0.2%); the high frequency of the pr allele (10.8%) and CAII2 (8.22%) and ESD2 genes (18.4%). Furthermore, at the G6PD locus four distinct alleles have been found: the negroid GdA- (4%) and GdA+ (16%), the common GdB+ (79.2%)--, and the rare Gd+Ibadan Austin (0.7%). Cholinesterase typings disclosed the presence of the uncommon E1f and E1s genes distributed within a single breeding unit. The results are compared with other data previously reported on South African Khoisan and some Negroid populations; the particular genetic background of Pygmies is discussed.
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PMID:Population genetic studies of the Aka pygmies (Central Africa): a survey of red cell and serum enzymes. 46 35

The activities of aspartate transminase (EC 2.6.1.1), alanine transminase (EC 2.6.1.2), alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1), acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2) leucine arylamidase (EC 3.4.1.1), aldolase (EC 4.1.2), lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27), malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.38) and cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) were measured in serum of male rabbits and albino Wistar rats in dlplicate by means of microliter techniques. Furthermore, the diurnal alterations of enzyme activity were established in 8--10 animals of both species. Aspartate transaminase activity in the serum of rats was found to be significantly higher than in the serum of humans and rabbits, and essentially lower alkaline phosphatase values were obtained from the serum of rabbits in comparison with those found for the serum of humans and rats. Relatively high acid phosphatase and aldolase values as well as a very low cholinesterase activity were found in the serum of rabbits and rats. The mean malate dehydrogenase-activity was found to be twice as high as the mean lactate dehydrogenase, which is the contrary of the situation found in human serum. No significant diural alterations of the examined enzyme activities were established. The differences found between the animal and the human enzyme activities in serum are explained by species-determined peculiarities of metabolism or specific enzyme configuration.
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PMID:[Enzyme activities in serum of rabbits and rats-reference values and circadian alterations. Serum enzymes and factors that influence their activity,I (AUTHOR'S TRANSL)]. 103 68

The water-soluble proteins of the cerebral gray matter and some enzyme systems (cholinesterase, acetylcholinesterase, lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase) were studied in 9 autopsy cases of Alzheimer's presenile or senile dementia, 1 case of Pick's disease and 1 case of cerebral arteriosclerosis. The proteins and enzyme patterns were visualized on polyacrylamide gradient gels after electrophoresis. In all patients studied, the profiles of cerebral gray-matter proteins were normal. In the patients with advanced dementia, the enzyme patterns usually were abnormal. Particularly in Alzheimer's disease, the activity of malate dehydrogenase was markedly increased.
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PMID:Some cerebral proteins and enzyme systems in Alzheimer's presenile and senile dementia. 124 83

To further investigate the peculiar characteristics of the middle ear and extraocular muscles, compared to the extensively studied skeletal muscles of the limbs, activities of enzymes of transmitter and energy metabolism were measured in homogenates of these muscles from albino and pigmented rats. These activities were compared to those for a masticatory muscle and for three hindlimb muscles chosen for their preponderance of either slow oxidative, fast glycolytic, or fast oxidative glycolytic fibers. Activities of the neuromuscular transmitter enzymes choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase were relatively very high in the extraocular and middle ear muscles. The activity of malate dehydrogenase, an enzyme of oxidative energy metabolism, was as high in the extraocular, masticatory and stapedius muscles as in the oxidative hindlimb muscles, but was lower in tensor tympani. The activity of lactate dehydrogenase, an enzyme of glycolytic energy metabolism, was remarkably low in both middle ear muscles. The results are consistent with high innervation density in the extraocular and middle ear muscles, and highly oxidative metabolism in the extraocular and stapedius muscles. Metabolic differences between the stapedius and tensor tympani suggest a relatively more active role for the former in the function of the rat middle ear.
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PMID:Enzymes of transmitter and energy metabolism in rat middle ear and extraocular muscles. 198 Feb 74

Microwave-stimulated enzyme incubations for acetylcholinesterase, 5'-nucleotidase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, succinic dehydrogenase and isocitric dehydrogenase were studied, and compared with incubations in a waterbath. Temperature settings of 37 degrees C and 50 degrees C were used, and the incubation times were varied from 30 seconds to 30 minutes. The desired temperature of the incubation solution was reached in the microwave oven within 1 minute, whilst in the waterbath it took 10 to 25 minutes. The microscopic results for alkaline phosphatase and succinic dehydrogenase at a temperature setting of 50 degrees C were superior in the microwave method for incubation times less than 15 minutes. It is postulated that the increased reaction product of alkaline phosphatase and succinic dehydrogenase is due to a temperature effect, which has to be large enough to be of practical value. For the other enzymes studied, microwave-stimulated incubations were no better than the conventional incubations at corresponding temperatures. For 5'-nucleotidase there were aspecific lead deposits in the microwave method. All enzymes performed at the elevated, unphysiological temperature of 50 degrees C proved to have advantages, except for 5'-nucleotidase, whilst for malate dehydrogenase there was an aspecific reduction of the colour developer at this temperature.
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PMID:Microwave-stimulated brain enzyme incubations are possible at the unphysiological condition of 50 degrees C. 224 28

The effect of Ca2+-homopantothenate (HOPA) treatment (250 mg/kg for 5 d) has been studied by evaluating the specific activity of enzymes related to: glycolytic pathway (hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase), tricarboxylic acid cycle (citrate synthase, malate dehydrogenase), mitochondrial electron transfer chain (succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase), NADH redox state (NADH cytochrome c reductase), acetylcholine metabolism (acetylcholinesterase), and glutamate metabolism (glutamate dehydrogenase). The enzymatic activity assays were performed on homogenate in toto, nonsynaptic mitochondria and synaptosomes isolated from: cerebral cortex, hippocampus, striatum, hypothalamus, medulla oblongata, and cerebellum of normoxic rats and rats submitted to intermittent normobaric hypoxia (90:10, N2:O2). In normoxic rats, HOPA was unable to induce any modification. Hypoxia per se induced a decrease in the activity of synaptosomal cytochrome oxidase in cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum.
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PMID:Effect of Ca2+-homopantothenate and mild hypoxia on some enzyme activities evaluated in subcellular fractions from different rat brain regions. 254 16

Ascaridia galli and Heterakis gallinae obtained from the common fowl Gallus gallus were exposed to 10(-2)-10(-5)M levamisole and albendazole; both compounds caused death of the parasites in vitro. The effect of the drugs was investigated on homogenates of the treated worms. Albendazole, at 10(-2)M, inhibited oxaloacetate reduction by 67 and 53% and malate oxidation by 21 and 17% in A. galli and H. gallinae, respectively, whereas 10(-4)M levamisole completely inhibited malate dehydrogenase activity in both directions in the two parasites. Lactate dehydrogenase was not affected significantly by either anthelmintic. Aldolase activity was diminished by 57 and 32% in A. galli and H. gallinae, respectively, with 10(-4)M levamisole. Levamisole at 10(-4)M also inhibited the activity of acid and alkaline phosphomonoesterase and cholinesterase. Albendazole had no significant effect on these enzymes in either parasite. Malate dehydrogenase and cholinesterase activity of the host tissue (intestine and caecum) was also reduced significantly with 10(-2) and 10(-3)M levamisole. These studies indicated a multiple mode of action of levamisole and albendazole.
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PMID:The effect of levamisole and albendazole on some enzymes of Ascaridia galli and Heterakis gallinae. 270 87

The genetic structure of two Chukot Evens subpopulations (314 individuals) for electrophoretic protein systems and taste sensitivity to PTC was studied. 17 of the 39 loci were polymorphic (43.59%). The following systems were completely monomorphic: diaphorase NAD H (Dia); glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD); glutamatoxalate transaminase (GOT); carbonic anhydrase (Ca-1); catalase (Ct), lactate dehydrogenase (loci LDH-A and LDH-B); leucine aminopeptidase (Lap); malate dehydrogenase (MDH); purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP); superoxide phosphorylase (PNP); superoxide dismutase (SOD); phosphoglucomutase-2 (PGM2); cholinesterase (locus E1); red cell esterase (4 loci); albumin (Alb); hemoglobin (Hb A and B); ceruloplasmin (Cp); and blood, gren, using the standard method. The following systems were polymorphic: red cell acid phosphatase (AcP); phosphoglucomutase-1 (PGM1); 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD); glutamatepyruvate transaminase (GPT); glyoxalase-1 (GLO-1); esterase (EsD); adenilatkinase (AK); alkaline phosphatase (Pp); cholinesterase (locus E2); haptoglobin (Hp); transferrin (Tf); group-specific component (Gc) and ABO, MN, Lewis, P blood groups and taste sensitivity to PTC. The following allele frequencies for polymorphic loci have been detected: AKI = 0.994; GLO = 1I = 0.082; GPT1 = 0.653; AcPA = 0.400; AcPB = 0.599; AcPC = 0.001; PGDA = 0.944; PGM1(1) = 0.906; EsD1 = 0.897; E2+ = 0.048; HpI = 0.394; GcI = 0,919; Tfc = 0.987; r(O) = 0.669; p(A) = 0.184; q(B) = 0.146; M = 0.711; Le = 0.411; P1+ = 0.521; t = 0.295. The genetic structure of Chukot Evens population is significantly nearer to that of the other ethnic groups of the North-East, in comparison with the genetic structure of Evenks of the Middle Siberia.
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PMID:[Genetic structure of the populations of native inhabitants in the northeastern USSR. V. The Chukot Evens]. 293 99

Mononuclear cell (MNC) leukemia was identified in 26-month-old F344 rats by splenomegaly, reduced red blood cell counts, and elevated white blood cell counts. Atypical MNC were predominant in spleen and blood with acentric nuclei and red cytoplasmic granules. Pentose shunt, glycolytic, and Krebs cycle enzyme activities were elevated 2- to 11-fold in the enriched MNC fraction (Ficoll-Paque density gradients, 1.077 g/ml) isolated from spleen. A leukemic MNC line was derived from one of the spontaneously leukemic donors and then maintained in vivo by s.c. transfer of 2 X 10(7) spleen cells into 7-8-week-old syngeneic recipients. In these serial transplantation experiments leukemia that was clinically and morphologically indistinguishable from spontaneous leukemia in 104-week-old rats was induced in 22-24-week-old rats. Enhanced enzyme activity in MNC was not essential to maintain the phenotypic expression of Fischer rat leukemia. The pattern of biochemical response in spleen MNC from transplanted cases was the opposite of that previously noted in spontaneously leukemic rats, with 50-70% decreases in the specific activities of pentose shunt enzymes and malate dehydrogenase. Reversal of the expression of these enzymes in MNC may be related to a difference in the growth rate of the tumors or to selective proliferation of the transplanted leukemic cells. In addition acetylcholinesterase activity decreased 35-85% in MNC of spleen and blood. Transplantable MNC from F344 rats provide abundant tumorigenic material with a novel biochemical expression that may be useful in the study of chemotherapeutic intervention.
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PMID:Comparison of the morphology and enzyme activity of mononuclear cells from Fischer 344 rats with either spontaneous or transplanted leukemia. 402 16


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