Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase)
 28,390 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase system and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were studied in the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii sampled from the Ebro Delta before and after spraying of the area with fenitrothion. Analysis of hepatopancreas microsomes revealed an increase of 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity in organisms sampled after spraying. AChE activity was significantly inhibited in the same specimens, corroborating that these organisms were exposed to fenitrothion, and the usefulness of AChE as a marker of pesticide poisoning in P. clarkii. Crayfish from a reference site were analyzed and the results compared with those obtained in organisms from the Ebro Delta. The ability of P. clarkii to metabolize the organophosphorus pesticide fenitrothion was determined in vitro by using microsomal fractions isolated from hepatopancreas. The results pointed out the existence of an oxidative metabolism, which was inhibited by different P450 inhibitors (clotrimazole, alpha-naphthoflavone and N-benzylimidazole) and not affected by methimazole.
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PMID:Cytochrome P450 system in the hepatopancreas of the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii: a field study. 997 75

The acetylcholinesterase, carboxylesterase, and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase activities of three strains of Oryzaephilus srinamensis (L.) were examined to better understand biochemical mechanisms of resistance. The three strains were VOS49 and VOSCM, selected for resistance to malathion and chlorpyrifos-methyl, respectively, and VOS48, a standard susceptible strain. Cross-resistance to malathion and chlorpyrifos-methyl was confirmed in VOS49 and VOSCM. Acetylcholinesterase activity was not correlated to resistance among these strains. VOS49 and VOSCM showed elevated levels of carboxylesterase activity based on p-nitrophenylacetate, alpha-naphthyl acetate, or beta-naphthyl acetate substrates. PAGE zymograms showed major differences in caboxylesterase isozyme banding among strains. VOSCM had one strongly staining isozyme band. A band having the same Rf-value was very faint in VOS48. The VOS49 carboxylesterase banding pattern was different from both VOSCM and VOS48. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase activity was based on cytochrome P450 content, aldrin epoxidase activity, and oxidation of organophosphate insecticides, all elevated in resistant strains. The monooxygenase activity varied with insecticide substrate and resistant strain, suggesting specific cytochromes P450 may exist for different insecticides. The monooxygenase activity of the VOS49 strain was much higher with malathion than chlorpyrifos-methyl as substrates, whereas VOSCM monooxygenase activity was higher with malathion than chlorpyrifos-methyl as substrates. Results are discussed in the context of resistance mechanisms to organophosphate insecticides in O. surinamensis.
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PMID:Biochemical mechanisms of resistance in strains of Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Coleoptera: Silvanidae) resistant to malathion and chlorpyrifos-methyl. 1142 27