Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.1.1.53 (sialidase)
 2,694 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The gastric and intestinal phenotypic expressions of tumor cells in 18 adenomatous hyperplasias, 33 well-differentiated adenocarcinomas, and 16 undifferentiated adenocarcinomas (4 poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas, 10 signet-ring cell carcinomas and 2 mucinous adenocarcinomas) induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine or 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide in the rat glandular stomach were studied by histochemical stainings for mucin and immunohistochemical staining for pepsinogen isozyme 1 (Pg 1). By histochemical staining for mucin [by the paradoxical concanavalin A method, the modified method with labeled peanut lectin, the galactose oxidase-Schiff (GOS) reaction, and the sialidase-GOS reaction] and immunohistochemical staining of Pg 1, gastric cancer cells of each histological group could be clearly classified into a gastric type, including mucous neck cell pyloric gland cell, and surface mucous cell subtypes, and an intestinal type, including goblet-cell, and intestinal absorptive cell subtypes. All tumors examined in this work consisted mainly of gastric-type cells but intestinal-type tumor cells were occasionally found among the gastric-type tumor cells. The incidences of intestinal-type cells in adenomatous hyperplasias (11.1%) and small well-differentiated adenocarcinomas (28.6%) were significantly less (P less than 0.05) than that in large well-differentiated adenocarcinomas (68.4%). The incidence of intestinal-type cells in small undifferentiated adenocarcinomas (25.0%) was also less than that in large ones (58.3%). The present results suggest the occurrence of change of phenotypic expression of tumor cells from the gastric type to the intestinal type during growth of tumors.
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PMID:Cellular differentiation and histogenesis of rat glandular stomach cancers. 169 50

Morphological and phenotypical patterns of proliferative epithelial lesions induced in the gastric stump mucosa by duodenal content reflux after Billroth II partial gastrectomy (BII) were evaluated in rats. Control animals were either sham-operated or submitted at different times after BII to Roux-en-Y (RY) surgical procedure which prevents duodenal reflux. The lesions were analysed using routine haematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemical staining for pepsinogen isoenzyme 1 and histochemical procedures for mucins (paradoxical Concanavalin A, galactose oxidase Schiff and sialidase galactose oxidase Schiff reactions). Mucosal hyperplasia (H) was observed in the group submitted to BII procedure 6 weeks after surgery. Adenomatous hyperplasia (AH) also appeared 6 weeks after induction of the reflux and its incidence and size increased until the 54th week of the experiment. RY procedure performed in the normal animals at the beginning of the experiment or at the 24th week after BII gastrectomy led to a significantly lower incidence of AH which was related to the moment of surgery. Most of H was due to pyloric mucosal hyperplasia. AH consisted mainly of gastric type glands but in some animals glands of the intestinal type were present probably originating from the intestinal mucosa. Six mucinous adenocarcinomas were observed, all of them of intestinal type. This study demonstrates that AH induced by BII procedure is a reversible lesion and that the anomalous epithelial proliferation in the stoma may lead to adenocarcinomas.
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PMID:Reversibility of adenomatous hyperplasia in the gastric stump after diversion of bile reflux in rats. 186 Jan 64

Gastric and intestinal phenotypic expression in 223 surgically obtained primary gastric cancers and their histogenetic relationship to intestinal metaplasia in the surrounding gastric mucosa were studied by mucin histochemistry and pepsinogen (Pg) immunohistochemistry. Histochemical differentiation of mucins (paradoxical concanavalin A, the galactose oxidase-Schiff sequence and sialidase-galactose oxidase-Schiff) and immunohistochemical staining of Pgs I and II, allowed differentiation of gastric cancer cells from different histological categories into gastric elements including mucous neck cells, pyloric gland cells and surface mucous cells or intestinal elements including goblet cell and intestinal absorptive cell types. Of 122 papillary and tubular adenocarcinomas, 33 (27.1%) consisted mainly of gastric-type cells and 42 (34.4%) predominantly of intestinal-type cells. The remainder (38.5%) consisted of mixtures of gastric- and intestinal-type cells. Of 101 poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas, signet ring cell carcinomas and mucinous adenocarcinomas, 59 (58.4%) consisted mainly of gastric-type cells and 20 (19.8%) mainly of intestinal-type cells. Seven out of 35 papillary and tubular adenocarcinomas consisting mainly of gastric-type cancer cells were surrounded by mucosa with intestinal metaplasia. Conversely, 10 out of 40 papillary and tubular adenocarcinomas consisting mainly of intestinal-type cancer cells were observed in nonmetaplastic gastric mucosa. Thus no relationship as regards intestinal phenotypic expression was found between gastric cancers and surrounding gastric mucosa.
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PMID:Gastric and intestinal phenotypic expression of human stomach cancers as revealed by pepsinogen immunohistochemistry and mucin histochemistry. 222 Mar 96

Gastric and intestinal phenotypic expression in 37 surgically obtained primary signet ring cell carcinomas, five of their metastases to lymph nodes, and three signet ring cell carcinomas transplanted into nude mice were determined by biochemical, mucin, histochemical, and ultrastructural studies. Crude extracts of cancer tissues were used for measurements of pepsinogen isozymes, sucrase, aminopeptidase (microsomal), and alkaline phosphatase. Histochemical staining of mucin by paradoxical concanavalin A, the galactose oxidase-Schiff sequence and sialidase-galactose oxidase-Schiff, and the periodate-borohydride technique/potassium hydroxide/periodic acid-Schiff procedure was performed. The procedures allowed clear definition of pyloric gland, surface mucous, small and large intestinal goblet, and intestinal absorptive cell types. Of 40 specimens examined, 19 consisted entirely of gastric-type cells, and three entirely of intestinal-type cells. The others consisted of mixtures of gastric and intestinal-type cells. The observed high incidence of intestinal-type cells in signet ring cell carcinomas suggested that intestinal-type cells develop independently from intestinal metaplasia within signet ring cell carcinomas (diffuse-type gastric cancers), which probably originate from nonmetaplastic gastric mucosa.
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PMID:Gastric and intestinal phenotypic expressions of human signet ring cell carcinomas revealed by their biochemistry, mucin histochemistry, and ultrastructure. 301

The evolution and phenotypic expression of mucosal lesions of the gastric stump were investigated in male rats submitted to gastric resection with reconstruction by the Billroth II technique (BII with biliopancreatic reflux, BPR) or by the Roux-en-Y procedure (without BPR). Animals were studied at 24, 36, 54 and 64 weeks after surgery and the phenotypic expression of lesions analysed using routine hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemical staining for pepsinogen isoenzyme 1 and histochemical procedures for mucins (paradoxical concanavalin A, galactose oxidase Schiff (GOS) and sialidase GOS reactions). BPR was found to be responsible for the formation of adenomatous hyperplasia (AH), increasing in incidence and size with time, since the Roux-en-Y procedure failed to induce the gastric stump lesions observed after BII reconstruction. AHs always occurred in the transition of the gastrojejunal junction, a site offering special conditions for BPR influence, and were classified as gastric (G), intestinal (I) and G+I types according to their phenotypic expression. No pure I type AH was diagnosed at any time point. The G and G+I types developed at approximately equal incidences (i.e., G type 7/17, G+I type 10/17 at the 64th week). It was suggested that both gastric and intestinal mucosal elements were stimulated to proliferate by BPR, with the gastric mucosa tending to demonstrate AH. Intestinal type components of AH were found adjacent to the jejunum and not at the stomach margin, indicating an origin from intestinal mucosa. No metaplasia of the gastric mucosa was observed in any animal after partial gastric resection. In 101 rats submitted to the BII procedure, 5 mucinous adenocarcinomas were eventually diagnosed, mostly located in the subserosa of the gastrojejunal junction. All carcinomas expressed the phenotype of cells of the small intestine. Evidence of malignant transformation within the gastric components of AH was not observed even at the 64th week. In conclusion, all lesions induced by BPR in the rat remnant stomach are benign, and the few true cancers that arise in association are derived from the small intestine.
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PMID:Gastric and small intestinal lesions after partial stomach resection with Billroth II or Roux-en-Y reconstruction in the rat. 792 5

A sample of 219 primary stomach cancers, 143 advanced cancers and 76 early cancers were examined for mucin histochemical staining (the paradoxical concanavalin A method, the galactose oxidase-Schiff [GOS] reaction, and the sialidase-GOS reaction) and immunohistochemical reactivity (pepsinogen [Pg] I, Pg II, SH-9 and TKH-2). Gastric cancer cells were clearly classified according to mucin histochemistry into a gastric type, including mucus neck cell, pyloric gland cell and surface mucus cell types, and an intestinal type, including goblet-cell, and intestinal absorptive cell types. TKH-2 monoclonal antibody, which recognizes the mucin-associated sialosyl-Tn antigen, reacted with the mucin of goblet cells in both the normal small intestine and in the intestinal metaplasia of the stomach. Sixty-five of 106 (61%) differentiated adenocarcinomas and 76 of 113 (67%) undifferentiated adenocarcinomas had over 10% of their cancer cells positive for TKH-2. The TKH-2-positive cancers were primarily classified as a goblet-cell type by mucin-histochemical staining and the other immunohistochemical staining methods. Therefore, it is concluded that sialosyl-Tn is an excellent marker of small intestinal mucins and is indicative of a small intestinal type of differentiation in two-thirds of gastric cancers.
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PMID:Expression of sialosyl-Tn in intestinal type cancer cells of human gastric cancers. 831 Aug 25

Previously we reported the majority of lesions induced by bile reflux, in the absence of chemical carcinogens, in the rat remnant stomach to consist primarily of gastric type and secondarily of intestinal type cells, and that they are reversible after diversion of bile reflux. The present study was designed to evaluate changes in proliferative activities in cells of each type under these conditions. The frequency of adenomatous hyperplasia (AH) induced in the gastric stump mucosa by duodenal content reflux after Billroth II partial gastrectomy (BII) increased until the 54th week of the experiment. Roux-en-Y (RY) surgical procedure which prevents duodenal reflux performed at the 24th or 36th week after BII led to a decrease in AH. Cell content of the lesions was analyzed using routine H&E staining, immunohistochemical staining for pepsinogen isoenzyme 1 and histochemical procedures for mucins (paradoxical concanavalin A, galactose oxidase Schiff and sialidase galactose oxidase Schiff reactions) and proliferation in each compartment evaluated by an immunohistochemical method using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and a monoclonal antibody against BrdU. At the 54th week the number of BrdU-labeled cells per normal pyloric column was significantly (P < 0.05) increased to 10.63/pit after the BII operation, while it diminished to 5.23/pit after RY diversion, this being the same level as with the RY procedure alone. AH maintained a high rate of BrdU incorporation at 12.7% after BII operation, which was also significantly reduced (P < 0.01) to 7.0% by the RY surgery. The intestinal type cell showed highest (22.2%), the surface mucous type cell showed the next (16.5%) and the pyloric gland type cell showed lowest (5.2%) BrdU labeling indices after BII operation. All the cell types in AH showed similar proportional decreases in BrdU incorporation after RY diversion. Thus surgical intervention reverses the cell proliferation caused by bile reflux in the gastric stump.
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PMID:Reduction of cell proliferative activities of gastric stump adenomatous hyperplasias after bile reflux diversion in rats. 840 97

The morphofunctional organization of the exocrine cells in the foregut of the red-eared slider turtle, Trachemys scripta, was investigated by histochemistry (PAS, AB pH1.0 and pH 2.5, HID-AB, Bowie), lectin-histochemistry (WGA, SBA, UEA, ConA, PNA, DBA, sialidase-SBA, sialidase-PNA, Paradoxical ConA), and immunohistochemistry (antipepsin, anti-alpha-H+,K+ ATPase) to detect regional differences and verify the existence of an oro-aboral gradient in gastric juice secretion. Observations showed that pharyngeal goblet cells have mucins with terminal residuals of GalNAc and sialic acid. In the oesophagus, sulphomucins in the goblet cells are progressively substituted by sialomucins and no glands are found. Gastric surface cells secrete mostly sialomucins with residuals of GlcNAc and GalNAc. The cardias presents glands with cells secreting mostly sialomucins, differing from the surface ones in having GalNAcalpha1,3GalNAc sequences. The fundus presents complex glands with main and lesser tubules. Cells in the main tubules secrete stable, class-III mucins with sialylated residuals of glucose and/or mannose, GalNAcalpha1, 3GalNAc, and Galbeta1,3GalNAc sequences. In the lesser tubules, the oxynticopeptic cells are found, presenting pepsinogen granules and an affinity to the anti-alpha-H+,K+ ATPase, without any oro-aboral variation. The pyloric glands have a secretion similar to that of the neck cells of the fundic glands, consisting of stable, class-III mucins mostly sialylated with a high heterogeneity of residuals such as glucose and/or mannose, fucose, GlcNAc, and GalNAc. Mucins in the foregut are probably involved in several functions such as lubrication, protection against gastric juice, osmotic regulation to increase intestinal absorption, and protection against microbial injuries.
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PMID:Histochemical and immunohistochemical characterization of exocrine cells in the foregut of the red-eared slider turtle, Trachemys scripta (Emydidae). 1955 90