Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.1.1.53 (sialidase)
 2,694 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bacterial vaginosis, Prevotella species, and Bacteroides species have been associated with prematurity and upper genital tract infection. Prevotella (Bacteroides) species and Bacteroides fragilis have also been associated with preterm birth. However, the mechanism by which lower genital tract infection causes upper genital tract disease remains poorly understood. Sialidases (neuraminidases) are enzymes which enhance the ability of microorganisms to invade and destroy tissue. Elevated levels of sialidase activity were detected in 42 (84%) of 50 vaginal fluid specimens from women with bacterial vaginosis and none of 19 vaginal fluids from women without bacterial vaginosis (P less than 0.001). Vaginal fluid from women with bacterial vaginosis had a median specific activity of 9.8 U compared to 2.5 U of sialidase in women without bacterial vaginosis (P less than 0.001). In order to determine the probable source of sialidases in vaginal fluid, the microorganisms recovered from women with bacterial vaginosis before and after treatment were assayed. Of 28 specimens from women with bacterial vaginosis, 27 (96%) yielded sialidase-positive bacteria, at a median concentration of 10(6.5) CFU/ml of vaginal fluid. Prevotella and Bacteroides species accounted for the sialidase activity in 26 of the vaginal fluids, and Gardnerella vaginalis accounted for the sialidase activity in the remaining fluid. After treatment, sialidase was detected in the vaginal fluid of 1 (5%) of 22 women who responded to therapy and in all of 6 women for whom therapy failed. These data suggest that vaginal fluid sialidase is highly correlated with bacterial vaginosis and that the probable sources for this enzyme activity are the Bacteroides and Prevotella species present in the vagina.
 ...
PMID:Sialidases (neuraminidases) in bacterial vaginosis and bacterial vaginosis-associated microflora. 155 83

The modifications to the vaginal habitat accompanying a change to vaginal flora in bacterial vaginosis (BV) are poorly understood. In this study enzymes involved in mucin degradation were measured, including a novel glycosulfatase assay. Women attending an emergency walk-in sexually transmitted disease clinic were studied. One high vaginal swab (HVS) was used to prepare a gram-stained smear to determine BV status, using Ison and Hay's criteria, and a separate swab was used for the purposes of the assays. The median glycosulfatase activity was 8.5 (range, -1.2 to 31.9) nmol h(-1) 1.5 ml(-1) of HVS suspension in patients with BV compared to 0.5 (range, -0.7 to 9.4) nmol h(-1) 1.5 ml(-1) of HVS suspension in patients without BV (P = <0.001). The median glycoprotein sialidase activity was 29.2 (range, -17 to 190) nmol h(-1) 1.5 ml(-1) of HVS suspension in patients with BV compared to -1.1 (range, -41 to 48) nmol h(-1) 1.5 ml(-1) of HVS suspension in patients without BV (P < 0.001). A rapid spot test for sialidase was positive in 22/24 patients with BV (sensitivity, 91.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 73 to 99%) and negative in 32/35 patients without BV (specificity, 91.4%; 95% CI, 76.9 to 98.2%) (P < 0.001). Glycosulfatase activity significantly correlated with both glycoprotein sialidase activity and the sialidase spot test (P = 0.006 and P < 0.001, respectively). The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the consortium of bacteria present in BV requires the ability to break down mucins in order to colonize the vagina and replace the normal lactobacilli.
 ...
PMID:A novel bacterial mucinase, glycosulfatase, is associated with bacterial vaginosis. 1627 77

This study enrolled 125 premenopausal women diagnosed with bacterial vaginosis (BV) by presence of vaginal irritation, discharge and 'fishy' odor, and Nugent criteria and detection of sialidase enzyme. The subjects were treated with oral metronidazole (500 mg) twice daily from days 1 to 7, and randomized to receive oral Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 (1 x 10(9)) and Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14 (1 x 10(9)) or placebo twice daily from days 1 to 30. Primary outcome was cure of BV as determined by normal Nugent score, negative sialidase test and no symptoms or signs of BV at day 30. A total of 106 subjects returned for 30-day follow-up, of which 88% were cured in the antibiotic/probiotic group compared to 40% in the antibiotic/placebo group (p<0.001). Of the remaining subjects, 30% subjects in the placebo group and none in the probiotic group had BV, while 30% in the placebo and 12% in the probiotic group fell into the intermediate category based upon Nugent score, sialidase result and clinical findings. High counts of Lactobacillus sp. (>10(5) CFU/ml) were recovered from the vagina of 96% probiotic-treated subjects compared to 53% controls at day 30. In summary, this study showed efficacious use of lactobacilli and antibiotic in the eradication of BV in black African women.
 ...
PMID:Augmentation of antimicrobial metronidazole therapy of bacterial vaginosis with oral probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14: randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. 1669 31

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is particularly common in black women, and in Nigeria it is often caused by Mycoplasma, as well as Atopobium, Prevotella and Gardnerella sp. Antimicrobial metronidazole oral therapy is poorly effective in eradicating the condition and restoring the Lactobacillus microbiota in the vagina. In this study, 40 women diagnosed with BV by discharge, fishy odor, sialidase positive test and Nugent Gram stain scoring, were randomized to receive either two dried capsules containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14 each night for 5 days, or 0.75% metronidazole gel, applied vaginally twice a day (in the morning and evening). Follow-up at day 6, 15 and 30 showed cure of BV in significantly more probiotic treated subjects (16, 17 and 18/20, respectively) compared to metronidazole treatment (9, 9 and 11/20: P=0.016 at day 6, P=0.002 at day 15 and P=0.056 at day 30). This is the first report of an effective (90%) cure of BV using probiotic lactobacilli. Given the correlation between BV and HIV, and the high risk of the latter in Nigeria, intravaginal use of lactobacilli could provide women with a self-use therapy, similar to over-the-counter anti-yeast medication, for treatment of urogenital infections.
 ...
PMID:Clinical study comparing probiotic Lactobacillus GR-1 and RC-14 with metronidazole vaginal gel to treat symptomatic bacterial vaginosis. 1704 32

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a polymicrobial imbalance of the vaginal microbiota associated with reproductive infections, preterm birth, and other adverse health outcomes. Sialidase activity in vaginal fluids is diagnostic of BV and sialic acid-rich components of mucus have protective and immunological roles. However, whereas mucus degradation is believed to be important in the etiology and complications associated with BV, the role(s) of sialidases and the participation of individual bacterial species in the degradation of mucus barriers in BV have not been investigated. Here we demonstrate that the BV-associated bacterium Gardnerella vaginalis uses sialidase to break down and deplete sialic acid-containing mucus components in the vagina. Biochemical evidence using purified sialoglycan substrates supports a model in which 1) G. vaginalis extracellular sialidase hydrolyzes mucosal sialoglycans, 2) liberated sialic acid (N-acetylneuraminic acid) is transported into the bacterium, a process inhibited by excess N-glycolylneuraminic acid, and 3) sialic acid catabolism is initiated by an intracellular aldolase/lyase mechanism. G. vaginalis engaged in sialoglycan foraging in vitro, in the presence of human vaginal mucus, and in vivo, in a murine vaginal model, in each case leading to depletion of sialic acids. Comparison of sialic acid levels in human vaginal specimens also demonstrated significant depletion of mucus sialic acids in women with BV compared with women with a "normal" lactobacilli-dominated microbiota. Taken together, these studies show that G. vaginalis utilizes sialidase to support the degradation, foraging, and depletion of protective host mucus barriers, and that this process of mucus barrier degradation and depletion also occurs in the clinical setting of BV.
 ...
PMID:Degradation, foraging, and depletion of mucus sialoglycans by the vagina-adapted Actinobacterium Gardnerella vaginalis. 2347 34

In this study, we demonstrate, for the first time, that Saccharomyces cerevisiae-based probiotic shows an inhibitory effect on Gardnerella vaginalis infection. This effect is likely due to several actions: direct interference with adherence to vaginal tissues, inhibition of sialidase activity, reduction of vaginal epithelial exfoliation. Gardnerella vaginalis does not induce vaginal inflammation and no inflammatory cytokines were, indeed, produced, by the mouse vagina, neither by Gardnerella vaginalis and by the probiotic. Collectively, our data incite to further investigations on Saccharomyces cerevisiae probiotic as a potential prophylactic or therapeutic agent in the vaginosis caused by Gardnerella vaginalis.
 ...
PMID:Saccharomyces cerevisiae-based probiotic as novel anti-microbial agent for therapy of bacterial vaginosis. 2968 63