Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Pivot Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Target Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Query: EC:3.1.1.5 (
neuropathy target esterase
)
1,070
document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)
Autotaxin (ATX; also known as ENPP2), the
lysophospholipase
responsible for generating the lipid receptor agonist lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), is a secreted enzyme. Here we show that, once secreted, ATX can bind to the surface of cell-secreted exosomes. Exosome-bound ATX is catalytically active and carries generated LPA. Once bound to a cell, through specific integrin interactions, ATX releases the LPA to activate cell surface G-protein-coupled receptors of LPA; inhibition of signalling by the receptor antagonist Ki1642 suggests that these receptors are
LPAR1
and LPAR3. The binding stimulates downstream signalling, including phosphorylation of AKT and mitogen-activated protein kinases, the release of intracellular stored Ca
2+
and cell migration. We propose that exosomal binding of LPA-loaded ATX provides a means of efficiently delivering the lipid agonist to cell surface receptors to promote signalling. We further propose that this is a means by which ATX-LPA signalling operates physiologically.
...
PMID:Exosomes bind to autotaxin and act as a physiological delivery mechanism to stimulate LPA receptor signalling in cells. 2755 22
