Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

---

Query: EC:3.1.1.34 (lipoprotein lipase)
7,025 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. Gluteal adipose tissue was examined in 13 patients with generalized adiposis dolorosa, a clinical condition characterized by painful adiposity with a chronic intractable course. The total metabolic activity of fat cells, isolated by collagenase and suspended in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer with glucose and insulin, was assessed by the measurement of heat production at 37 degrees C using microcalorimetry. 2. Fat cells were markedly enlarged; their metabolic activity expressed in terms of microW/g, but not in pW/cell, was significantly decreased when compared with both lean and weight-matched non-painful subjects. Both mean values were, however, significantly higher than in grossly obese subjects with similar mean cell size. Heat production as expressed per g of tissue, but not per cell, was inversely correlated with body mass index. One additional patient had unilateral disease, and fat cells from the painful side had a lower heat production than cells from the unaffected side. 3. The fatty acid composition of adipose tissue, as determined by g.c., revealed a significantly increased proportion of monounsaturated (18:1 and 16:1) at the expense of saturated (14:0 and 18:0) fatty acids compared with healthy control subjects. The activity of adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase was slightly, but not significantly, decreased. 4. It is concluded that a metabolic pathogenetic factor cannot be ruled out in adiposis dolorosa. As the results do not explain the nature of the diffuse pain, further studies need to be performed.
...
PMID:Fat-cell heat production, adipose tissue fatty acids, lipoprotein lipase activity and plasma lipoproteins in adiposis dolorosa. 166 86

A three-year-old boy is described with type I hyperlipoproteinaemia in association with recurrent scrotal pain and hepatosplenomegaly. His parents are consanguinous and it is likely that he is homozygous for an autosomal recessive trait, characterized by the absence of plasma lipoprotein lipase following intravenous injection of heparin. Studies have been performed in a number of first degree relatives, but the findings are inconclusive. He has responded well to a low fat diet with dramatic reductions in elevated plasma triglyceride concentrations.
...
PMID:Type I hyperlipoproteinaemia and recurrent scrotal pain. 693 74

Cannabinoid receptors are molecular targets for marijuana and hashish, the widespread drugs of abuse. These receptors are expressed in areas of the central nervous system that contribute in important ways to the control of memory, cognition, movement and pain perception. Indeed, such functions can be strongly influenced by cannabinoid drugs, with consequences that include euphoria, analgesia, sedation and memory impairment. Although the pharmacology of cannabinoid drugs is now beginning to be understood, we still lack essential information on the endogenous signalling system(s) by which cannabinoid receptors are normally engaged. An endogenous ligand for cannabinoid receptors, anandamide, has been described. Here we report that sn-2 arachidonylglycerol (2-AG), a cannabinoid ligand isolated from intestinal tissue, is present in brain in amounts 170 times greater than anandamide. 2-AG is produced in hippocampal slices by stimulation of the Schaffer collaterals, an excitatory fibre tract that projects from CA3 to CA1 neurons. Formation of 2-AG is calcium dependent and is mediated by the enzymes phospholipase C and diacylglycerol lipase. 2-AG activates neuronal cannabinoid receptors as a full agonist, and prevents the induction of long-term potentiation at CA3-CA1 synapses. Our results indicate that 2-AG is a second endogenous cannabinoid ligand in the central nervous system.
...
PMID:A second endogenous cannabinoid that modulates long-term potentiation. 928 89

Men with low-density lipoprotein receptor gene mutations causing familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) are at high risk of premature coronary artery disease (CAD). The dyslipidemic state found among patients who are heterozygous for mutations in the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene may also increase the risk of CAD. In the present study, the association of the heterozygous forms of low-density lipoprotein receptor gene mutations causing FH as well as of LPL gene mutations causing (P207L and G188E) or not causing (D9N and N291S) complete loss of LPL activity with angiographically assessed CAD was estimated in a cohort of 412 French Canadian men aged <60 years who consecutively underwent coronary angiography for the investigation of retrosternal pain. The frequency of FH as well as of LPL gene mutations tended to increase with the number of narrowed coronary arteries. However, CAD occurred earlier in FH patients than in partly LPL-deficient patients. Indeed, the proportion of men affected by FH was of 16.4% in those <45 years of age, and solely 4.3% among those between 56 and 60 years of age (p <0.0001). In contrast, the LPL gene defect was found in only 4.0% of men aged <45 years, whereas this prevalence reached 8.3% among those aged 56 to 60 years. In multivariate analyses, the association of LPL with CAD was not independent of age, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, and other covariates included at baseline, and was not affected by the type of mutation in the LPL gene. In contrast, FH was associated with CAD with minimal contribution of other cardiovascular risk factors. However, the relation between FH and CAD was at least partly dependent on plasma apolipoprotein B concentrations. In the different regression models, fasting insulin and plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were important covariates of CAD, whether or not patients were affected by FH or LPL deficiency. In conclusion, the association of LPL gene mutations with CAD was delayed compared with FH, appeared to be markedly exacerbated by the presence of additional risk factors, and was not affected by the type of mutation in the LPL gene.
...
PMID:Relative contribution of low-density lipoprotein receptor and lipoprotein lipase gene mutations to angiographically assessed coronary artery disease among French Canadians. 970 57

Topiramate (TPM) is a novel neurotherapeutic agent currently indicated for the treatment of epilepsy and undergoing development for other central nervous system indications including neuropathic pain, bipolar disorder, and migraine prophylaxis. TPM is synthesized from D-fructose and contains a sulfamate moiety that is essential for its pharmacologic activity. TPM has been observed to significantly reduce body weight in patients treated for seizure, which has prompted the realization of preclinical studies to characterize the effects of TPM in the regulation of energy balance. Studies carried out in various strains of rats have provided good evidence for the ability of TPM to blunt energy deposition. Body composition analyses from rat trials have demonstrated that TPM inhibits fat deposition while reducing the activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in various white adipose tissue depots. High doses of TPM (likely above the therapeutic dose range) have also been observed to reduce protein gain without catabolic effects. Although TPM cannot be described as a potent anorectic agent, it seems to have the ability to reduce food intake; significant reductions in food intake have been observed in female obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats and in female Wistar rats. TPM can also reduce energy deposition in the absence of alterations in food intake. This effect has been clearly emphasized in female lean (Fa/?) Zucker rats. In female Sprague-Dawley rats, TPM also increased energy expenditure and it has been observed to increase LPL activity in brown adipose tissue, which could indicate that TPM has the ability to enhance regulatory thermogenesis. In addition, TPM stimulates LPL activity in skeletal muscles, further emphasizing its potential to promote substrate oxidation. The mechanisms whereby TPM affects the regulation of energy balance have yet to be understood. TPM represents an antiepileptic drug (AED) with complex biochemical/pharmacologic actions. Its negative effects on energy deposition cannot be readily predicted from these actions, as AEDs are generally expected to stimulate body weight gain. Recent data, obtained from investigations aimed at assessing the effects of TPM on neuropeptidergic systems involved in the regulation of energy balance, have failed to demonstrate any significant effects of TPM on the neuropeptide Y and proopiomelanocortin systems. In conclusion, it is clear that TPM can reduce fat deposition by either reducing food intake or stimulating energy expenditure. The mechanisms whereby an AED such as TPM controls food intake and energy expenditure remains to be delineated. Copyright1999 ASCRS and ESCRS
...
PMID:Influence of topiramate in the regulation of energy balance. 1105 2

Intermittent claudication (IC) is leg muscle pain, cramping and fatigue brought on by exercise and is the primary symptom of peripheral arterial disease. The goals of pharmacotherapy for IC are to increase the walking capacity/quality of life and to decrease rates of amputation. In 1988, pentoxifylline was the only drug that had reasonable supportive clinical trial evidence for being beneficial in IC. Since then a number of drugs have shown benefit or potential in IC. Cilostazol, a specific inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 3 and activator of lipoprotein lipase, clearly increases pain-free and absolute walking distances in claudicants. However, cilostazol does cause minor side effects including headache, diarrhoea, loose stools and flatulence. Naftidrofuryl, a serotonin (5-HT2) receptor antagonist and antiplatelet drug, is beneficial in claudicants. Inhibitors of platelet aggregation (including nitric oxide from L -arginine or glyceryl trinitrate) and anticoagulants (low molecular weight heparin, defibrotide) probably have both short and long-term benefits in IC. In addition, intravenous infusions of prostaglandins (PGs) PGE1 and PGI2 have an established role in severe peripheral arterial disease and the recent introduction of longer lasting and/or oral forms of the PGs makes them more likely to be useful in the IC associated with less severe forms of the disease. There are some exciting new approaches to the treatment of IC, including propionyl-L-carnitine and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF).
...
PMID:Pharmacotherapy of intermittent claudication. 1182 12

An 11-year-old girl with lipoprotein lipase deficiency experienced recurring episodes of abdominal pain. She initially underwent appendectomy for suspected appendicitis; however, the appendix was normal. Pancreatitis was subsequently identified as the cause of her pain.
...
PMID:Severe acute necrotizing pancreatitis associated with lipoprotein lipase deficiency in childhood. 1452 33

The aim of presented investigation was to study of the relation of the activity of postheparin lipoprotein lipase (LPL) with the blood test parameters in patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS) during first 6-12 hours after appearance of acute anginous pain. 47 patients with the disease of coronary arteries (DCA) have been investigated. Acute form of ACS was revealed in 27 patients (mean age--62.9+/-11.7 years), chronic form--in 20 patients (mean age 67.9+/-14.0 years). The study was carried out in the first 6-12 hours after appearance of acute anginous pain. Control group consisted of 23 healthy subjects (mean age--37.5+/-8.9 years). Postheparin activity of LPL has been determined in whole cohort by potentiometric method. Blood test was carried out by standard method. The acute coronary syndrome was confirmed by electrocardiographic findings. In ACS group the activity of LPL significantly correlated inversely with the value of leukocytes (r=-0.4022, p=0.038), stab (r=-0.4808, p=0.011) and segmental leukocytes (r=-0.5853, p=0.001), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (r=-0.4188, p=0.030). Corning to the comparative analysis of chronic and acute forms of DCA, the activity of LPL was significantly lower in patients with chronic form compared to the acute form (p=0.043). Therefore, based on the obtained data it should be concluded that in 6-12 hours after development of acute coronary syndrome during worsening the inflammatory reaction (which reflected on the parameters of blood test) together with endothelial dysfunction it is expressed the decrease of the activity of endothelial enzyme LPL.
...
PMID:[The relation of the activity of postheparin lipoprotein lipase with the CBC parameters in patients with acute coronary syndrome]. 1856 32

Cannabinoids have recently been approved as a treatment for pain in multiple sclerosis (MS). Increasing evidence from animal studies suggests that this class of compounds could also prove efficient to fight neurodegeneration, demyelination, inflammation and autoimmune processes occurring in this pathology. However, the use of cannabinoids is limited by their psychoactive effects. In this context, potentiation of the endogenous cannabinoid signalling could represent a substitute to the use of exogenously administrated cannabinoid ligands. Here, we studied the expression of different elements of the endocannabinoid system in a chronic model of MS in mice. We first studied the expression of the two cannabinoid receptors, CB(1) and CB(2), as well as the putative intracellular cannabinoid receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha. We observed an upregulation of CB(2), correlated to the production of proinflammatory cytokines, at 60 days after the onset of the MS model. At this time, the levels of the endocannabinoid, 2-arachidonoylglycerol, and of the anti-inflammatory anandamide congener, palmithoylethanolamide, were enhanced, without changes in the levels of anandamide. These changes were not due to differences in the expression of the degradation enzymes, fatty acid amide hydrolase and monoacylglycerol lipase, or of biosynthetic enzymes, diacylglycerol lipase-alpha and N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase-D at this time (60 days). Finally, the exogenous administration of palmitoylethanolamide resulted in a reduction of motor disability in the animals subjected to this model of MS, accompanied by an anti-inflammatory effect. This study overall highlights the potential therapeutic effects of endocannabinoids in MS.
...
PMID:Study of the regulation of the endocannabinoid system in a virus model of multiple sclerosis reveals a therapeutic effect of palmitoylethanolamide. 1865 82

Regardless of the fact, that pancreatitis during pregnancy is rare; this disease is characterized by high indices of maternal and perinatal mortality. Among variety of etiological and pathogenetic aspects of pregnant women's acute pancreatitis, leading role in its development belongs to bile-excreting system diseases, conditioned by physiological processes in women's organism during gestational period. Also there is a genetic theory of acute pancreatitis genesis in pregnant women, based on dislipoproteinemia development caused by lipoprotein lipase insufficiency, when severity of pancreatitis course is correlated with morphotype of this enzyme gene mutation. Chronic pancreatitis is conditioned by the same causes and can develop and recur during pregnancy and right after parturition. Diagnostics of pregnant women's pancreatitis is complicated because of limitation of the use of some methods (radiation and endoscopic). Pancreatitis clinical course does not differ from the one in nonpregnant women and is manifested by pain abdominal and dyspeptic syndromes, and also by syndromes of exocrine and endocrine pancreatic insufficiency. The main clinical feature of pregnant women's pancreatitis is high occurrence of painless forms. Approaches to treatment include pain relief disintoxication, use of pancreatic secretion blockers, multienzyme complexes, glycemia correction.
...
PMID:[Pancreatitis in pregnant women]. 1872 Jul 7


1 2 3 4 Next >>

---