Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.7.7 (DNA polymerase)
 17,007 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Following pneumonectomy in animals, the contralateral lung increases in volume, weight, collagen content, protein, and cell number, reaching levels approximate to those of both lungs of control animals. The volume and weight response in quicker and more complete in young animals compared to old animals. The increase in the amount of DNA was found to be greater in young rats compared to old ones. However, little is known about the effects of pneumonectomy in immature animals, in which combined effects of normal and the compensatory lung growth may be expected. The present studies were aimed at elucidating early changes in terms of morphology and biochemistry in the contralateral lung following pneumonectomy in premature rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (2 week-old) were subdivided into 3 groups. Group P, underwent left pneumonectomy, group S was sham operated, which group C was matched by age, sex, and weight with group P. Morphological studies consisted of light microscopic morphometry and immunohistochemistry using anti-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) were performed. Biochemical studies included measurement of DNA polymerase activity, DNA and RNA content, collagen and elastin content. The wet lung weight in group P after one week reached approximately the same as that of bilateral lungs of groups S and C. The fixed lung volume of group P reached that of group S or group C at three weeks. The activity of DNA polymerase and BrdU positive alveoli were increased only during the early period following pneumonectomy. DNA content in group P reached the same range as group S and C at 4 weeks, suggesting the occurrence of cellular hyperplasia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Early changes of postpneumonectomy lung growth in premature rats]. 171 Mar 1

Poly A+ RNA, isolated from a single 210 day fetal bovine nuchal ligament, was used to synthesize cDNA by the RNase H method, using AMV reverse transcriptase for first strand synthesis and DNA polymerase I for the second strand. The cDNA was inserted into lambda gt10 using EcoRI linkers, and recombinant phage containing elastin sequences were identified by hybridization with a 1.3 kb sheep elastin cDNA clone, pcSELI (Yoon, K. et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 118: 261-265, 1984). Three clones containing the largest inserts of 2.9, 2.8, and 2.6 kb were selected for further study. The complete sequence analysis of the 3 clones was correlated with the sequence of 10.2 kb of the bovine elastin gene. The analyses: (i) showed that the cDNA encompassed the great majority of the translated sequence, (ii) ordered the tryptic peptides of porcine tropoelastin, (iii) determined new amino acid sequences not previously found in the porcine peptides and (iv) demonstrated that alternative splicing of the primary transcript leads to significant variation in the sequence of the translated portion of the mRNA.
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PMID:Sequence variation of bovine elastin mRNA due to alternative splicing. 366 2

mRNA, isolated from the ligamentum nuchae of fetal sheep by guanidine HCl extraction and oligo(dT) cellulose chromatography, was used to synthesize blunt-ended cDNA molecules by the successive application of AMV reverse transcriptase, DNA polymerase and S1 nuclease. The cDNA was centrifuged on a 15-30% sucrose gradient and molecules greater than 700 bp were tailed with dCTP and cloned into the PstI site of pBR322 which had been tailed with dGTP. Ampicillin-sensitive and tetracycline-resistant colonies were screened by in situ hybridization with elastin-enriched mRNA that had been terminally labeled with 32p. Recombinant plasmids prepared from strongly hybridizing colonies were characterized by restriction mapping and the plasmid with the largest insert (1300 bp) thought to contain elastin sequences was characterized in more detail. The nick-translated cDNA hybridized to a single 3.5 kb mRNA species upon blot hybridization, a size identical to that previously identified for chick elastin mRNA (Burnett et al. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 1569-1572). Nucleotide sequencing of the 5' end of the cDNA demonstrated a sequence which was extremely GC rich and which corresponded to an amino acid sequence partially homologous to that previously identified in porcine tropoelastin (Foster et al. (1973) J. Biol. Chem. 248, 2876-2879). This is the first report of the identification of a plasmid containing sequences complementary to a translated region of elastin mRNA.
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PMID:Characterization of a sheep elastin cDNA clone containing translated sequences. 632 Aug 24

Vaccines that induce cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated immune responses constitute an important class of medical tools to fend off diseases like infections and malignancy. Epitope peptides, as a format of CTL vaccines, are being tested preclinically and clinically. To elicit CTL responses, epitope vaccines go through an epitope presentation pathway in dendritic cells (DCs) that has multiple bottleneck steps and hence is inefficient. Here, we report the development of a strategy to overcome one of these barriers, phagolysosomal escape in DCs. First, we furnished a previously established carrier-an immune-tolerant elastin-like polypeptide nanoparticle (iTEP NP)-with the peptides that are derived from the DNA polymerase of herpes simplex virus 1 (Pol peptides). Pol peptides were reported to facilitate phagolysosomal escape. In this study, while we found that Pol peptides promoted the CTL epitope presentation; we also discovered Pol peptides disrupted the formation of the iTEP NP. Thus, we engineered a series of new iTEPs and identified several iTEPs that could accommodate Pol peptides and maintain their NP structure at the same time. We next optimized one of these NPs so that its stability is responsive to its redox environment. This environment-responsive NP further strengthened the CTL epitope presentation and CTL responses. Lastly, we revealed how this NP and Pol peptides utilized biological cues of phagolysosomes to realize phagolysosomal escape and epitope release. In summary, we developed iTEP NP carriers with a new phagolysosomal escape function. These carriers, with their priorly incorporated functions, resolve three bottleneck issues in the CTL epitope presentation pathway: vaccine uptake, phagolysosomal escape, and epitope release.
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PMID:Promotion of CTL epitope presentation by a nanoparticle with environment-responsive stability and phagolysosomal escape capacity. 3296 Dec 48