Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.7.7 (DNA polymerase)
 17,007 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In this study, proteomes of two pathogenic Leptospira spp., namely L. interrogans, serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae, serovar Copenhageni and L. borgpetersenii, serogroup Tarassovi, serovar Tarassovi, were revealed by using two dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE)-based-proteomics. Bacterial cells were disrupted in a lysis buffer containing 30 mM Tris, 2 M thiourea, 7 M urea, 4% CHAPS, 2% IPG buffer pH 3-10 and protease inhibitors and then subjected to sonication in order to solubilize as much as possible the bacterial proteins. The 2DE-separated components of both Leptospira homogenates were blotted individually onto membranes and antigenic components (immunomes) were revealed by probing the blots with immune serum of a mouse readily immunized with the homogenate of L. interrogans, serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae, serovar Copenhageni. The immunogenic proteins of the two pathogenic Leptospira spp. could be grouped into 10 groups. These are: 1) proteins involved in the bacterial transcription and translation including beta subunit transcription anti-termination protein of DNA polymerase III, elongation factors Tu and Ts, and tRNA (guanine-N1)-methyltransferase; 2) proteins functioning as enzymes for metabolisms and nutrient acquisition including acetyl-Co-A acetyltransferase, putative glutamine synthetase, glyceraldehyde-3-phospahte dehydrogenase, NifU-like protein, 3-oxoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) reductase, oxidoreductase, sphingomyelinase C precursor, spermidine synthase, beta subunit of succinyl-CoA synthetase, and succinate dehydrogenase iron-sulfur subunit; 3) proteins/enzymes necessary for energy and electron transfer, i.e. electron transfer flavoprotein, and proton-translocating transhydrogenase; 4) enzymes for degradation of misfolded proteins, i.e. ATP-dependent Clp protease; 5) molecular chaperone, i.e. 60 kDa chaperonin; 6) signal transduction system, i.e. response regulator; 7) protein involved in immune evasion in host, i.e. peroxiredoxin; 8) cell structure proteins including MreB (cytoskeletal) and flagellin/ periplasmic flagellin; 9) lipoproteins/outer membrane proteins: LipL32, LipL41, LipL45 and OmpL1; and 10) various hypothetical proteins. Many immunogenic proteins are common to both Leptospira spp. These proteins not only are the diagnostic targets but also have potential as candidates of a broad spectrum leptospirosis vaccine especially the surface exposed components which should be vulnerable to the host immune effector factors.
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PMID:Proteome and immunome of pathogenic Leptospira spp. revealed by 2DE and 2DE-immunoblotting with immune serum. 1789 22

Mitochondria is an intracellular double membrane-bound structure and it can provide energy for intracellular metabolism. The metabolism includes Krebs cycle, beta-oxidation and lipid synthesis. The density of mitochondria is different in various tissues dependent upon the demands of oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondrial diseases can occur by defects either in mitochondrial DNA or nuclear DNA. Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encoding for 22 tRNAs, 2 rRNAs and 13 mRNAs that are translated in the mitochondria. Mitochondrial genetic diseases are most resulted from defects in the mtDNA which may be point mutations, deletions, or mitochondrial DNA depletion. These patterns of inheritance in mitochondrial diseases include sporadic, maternally inherited, or of Mendelian inheritance. Mitochondrial DNA depletion is caused by defects in the nuclear genes that are responsible for maintenance of integrity of mtDNA or deoxyribonucelotide pools and mtDNA biogenesis. The mtDNA depletion syndrome (MDS) includes the following categories: progressive external ophthalmoplegia (PEO), predominant myopathy, mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE), sensory-ataxic neuropathy, dysarthria, and ophthalmoplegia (SANDO) and hepato-encephalopathy. The most common tissues or organs involved in MDS and related disorders include the brain, liver and muscles. These involved genes are divided into two groups including 1) DNA polymerase gamma (POLG, POLG2) and Twinkle genes whose products function directly at the mtDNA replication fork, and 2) adenine nucleotide translocator 1, thymidine phosphorylase, thymidine kinase 2, deoxyguanosine kinase, ADP-forming succinyl-CoA synthetase ligase, MPV17 whose products supply the mitochondria with deoxyribonucleotide triphosphate pools needed for mtDNA replication, and possible mutation in the RRM2B gene. The development has provided new information about the importance of the biosynthetic pathway of the nucleotides for mtDNA replication. Further investigation on the understatanding between the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes is expected.
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PMID:[Mitochondrial disease and mitochondrial DNA depletion syndromes]. 2032 99