Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase)
 34,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Current anti-influenza drugs target the viral neuraminidase or inhibit the function of the ion channel M2 protein. Not only is the supply of these drugs unlikely to meet the demand during a large influenza epidemic/ pandemic, but also has an emergence of drug resistant influenza virus variants been documented. Thus a new effective drug or antiviral alternative is required. The influenza virus RNA polymerase complex consists of nucleoproteins (NP) that bind to three polymerase subunits: two basic polymerases, PB1 and PB2, and an acidic polymerase (PA). These proteins play a pivotal role in the virus life cycle; thus they are potential targets for the development of new anti-influenza agents. In this study, we produced human monoclonal antibodies that bound to the influenza A polymerase proteins by using a human antibody phage display library. Complementary DNA was prepared from the total RNA of a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus: A/duck/Thailand/144/2005(H5N1). The cDNA synthesized from the total virus RNA was used as template for the amplification of the gene segments encoding the N-terminal halves of the PB1, PB2 and PA polymerase proteins which encompassed the biologically active portions of the respective proteins. The cDNA amplicons were individually cloned into appropriate vectors and the recombinant vectors were introduced into Escherichia coli bacteria. Transformed E. coli clones were selected, and induced to express the recombinant proteins. Individually purified proteins were used as antigens in bio-panning to select the phage clones displaying specific human monoclonal single chain variable fragments (HuScFv) from a human antibody phage display library constructed from Thai blood donors in our laboratory. The purified HuScFv that bound specifically to the recombinant polymerase proteins were prepared. The inhibitory effects on the biological functions of the respective polymerase proteins should be tested. We envisage the use of the HuScFv in their cell penetrating version (transbodies) as an alternative influenza therapeutic to current anti-virus drugs.
Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 2008 Mar
PMID:Human monoclonal single chain antibodies (HuScFv) that bind to the polymerase proteins of influenza A virus. 1859 27

Dictamnine, a natural plant product, has been reported to have antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi; however, the dictamnine response mechanisms of microorganisms are still poorly understood. We have shown that dictamnine has antimicrobial activities against the model fungus Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 64 microg/ml. Commercial oligonucleotide microarrays were used to determine the global transcriptional response of S. cerevisiae triggered by treatment with dictamnine. We interpreted our microarray data using the hierarchical clustering tool, T-profiler. Several major transcriptional responses were induced by dictamnine. The first was the induced environmental stress response, mainly under the control of the Msn2p and Msn4p transcription factors, and the repressed environmental stress response in genes containing the PAC (RNA polymerase A and C box) and rRPE (ribosomal RNA processing element) motifs. The second was the Upc2p-mediated response involved in lipid biosynthesis. The third comprised the PDR3- and RPN4-mediated responses involved in multidrug resistance (MDR). Finally, the TBP-mediated response was induced with dictamnine treatment. TBP is an essential general transcription factor involved in directing the transcription of genes. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR was performed on selected genes to verify the microarray results. Furthermore, morphological transitions during dictamnine exposure to S. cerevisiae L1190 (MATa/alpha) were examined, using confocal laser microscopy.
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PMID:Global gene expression profile of Saccharomyces cerevisiae induced by dictamnine. 1872 44

The parasympathetic nervous system is probably involved in migraine pathogenesis. Its activation releases a mixture of signalling molecules including vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), which subsequently stimulate VPAC(1), VPAC(2) and PAC(1) receptors. The objective of the present study was to investigate the in vivo effect of VIP, PACAP-27, PACAP-38, the selective VPAC(1) agonist ([Lys15, Arg16, Leu27]-VIP(1-7)-GRF(8-27)) and a PAC(1) agonist, maxadilan on rat middle meningeal artery (MMA) diameter using the closed cranial window model. Selective antagonists were used for further characterization of the responses. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction experiments were also conducted to determine expression of mRNA of PACAP receptors in the MMA. The results showed that VIP, PACAP-38, PACAP-27 and the VPAC(1) specific agonist evoked significant dilations with the rank order of potency; VIP = PACAP-38 > PACAP-27 = [Lys15, Arg16, Leu27]-VIP(1-7)-GRF(8-27). Significant inhibition of dilation was only observed for the VPAC(1) antagonist PG97-269 on PACAP-38-induced dilation of MMA. The VPAC(2) antagonist PG99-465 and PAC(1) antagonist PACAP(6-38) did not significantly block VIP- or PACAP-induced dilation. Expression of mRNA of all three receptors was detected in the MMA. In conclusion, the VPAC(1) receptor seems to be predominant in mediating MMA dilation. A selective VPAC(1) antagonist may be a candidate molecule in the treatment of migraine headache.
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PMID:The in vivo effect of VIP, PACAP-38 and PACAP-27 and mRNA expression of their receptors in rat middle meningeal artery. 1922 Mar 6

The ability to build and control complex biological systems is greatly enhanced by the generation of related parts with varying strengths. In this way, various parts can be strung together and the connectivity and expression levels can be matched for the desired system performance. Engineered gene circuits, both in vivo and in vitro, often utilize the T7 RNA polymerase in tandem with the T7 promoter for transcription. In this work, we describe the selection of T7 promoter variants of varying strength by emulsifying in vitro transcription with subsequent fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) to enrich for active promoters. Such variant promoters should be of use to synthetic biologists for both in vivo and in vitro applications.
Pac Symp Biocomput 2010
PMID:Emulsion based selection of T7 promoters of varying activity. 1990 95

Transcription and replication of the negative-sense single-stranded influenza A virus genomic viral RNA are catalyzed by the viral RNA polymerase, which is a trimeric complex encoded by the three largest segments of the influenza virus genome: PB1, PB2, and PA. Numerous studies of the trimeric polymerase complex assembly have substantially contributed to current understanding of influenza virus replication. However, the dynamics of spatial and temporal macromolecular interactions involving virus and host proteins during the formation of the trimeric polymerase complex (PA-PB1-PB2) are still not completely understood. In this study, bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) and Raster image correlation spectroscopy (RICS) were applied to monitor the interactions between PB1, PB2, and PA. The BiFC probes of PA-PB1 and PB1-PB2 could monitor the trimeric polymerase complex as well as the binary complex. Furthermore, the C-terminal domain of PA (PAC) promoted interaction between PB1 and PB2 in the cytoplasm and that the N-terminal domain of PA (PAN) inhibited the aberrant trimeric complex formation and assembly of higher-order oligomers induced by PAC in the cytoplasm. Taken together, these results revealed a novel function of PAN in the formation of the trimeric polymerase complexes of influenza A virus.
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PMID:A novel function of the N-terminal domain of PA in assembly of influenza A virus RNA polymerase. 2200 19

The apicomplexan parasite Plasmodium vivax is responsible for causing more than 70% of human malaria cases in Central and South America, Southeastern Asia and the Indian subcontinent. The rising severity of the disease and the increasing incidences of resistance shown by this parasite towards usual therapeutic regimens have necessitated investigation of putative novel drug targets to combat this disease. The apicoplast, an organelle of procaryotic origin, and its circular genome carrying genes of possible functional importance, are being looked upon as potential drug targets. The genes on this circular genome are believed to be highly conserved among all Plasmodium species. Till date, the plastid genome of P. falciparum, P. berghei and P. chabaudi have been detailed while partial sequences of some genes from other parasites including P. vivax have been studied for identifying evolutionary positions of these parasites. The functional aspects and significance of most of these genes are still hypothetical. In one of our previous reports, we have detailed the complete sequence, as well as structural and functional characteristics of the Elongation factor encoding tufA gene from the plastid genome of P. vivax. We present here the sequences of large and small subunit rRNA (lsu and ssu rRNA) genes, sufB (ORF470) gene, RNA polymerase (rpo B, C) subunit genes and clpC (casienolytic protease) gene from the plastid genome of P. vivax. A comparative analysis of these genes between P. vivax and P. falciparum reveals approximately 5-16% differences. A codon usage analysis of major plastid genes has shown a high frequency of codons rich in A/T at any or all of the three positions in all the species. TTA, AAT, AAA, TAT, and ATA are the major preferred codons. The sequences, functional domains and structural analysis of respective proteins do not show any variations in the active sites. A comparative analysis of these Indian P. vivax plastid genome encoded genes has also been done to understand the evolutionary position of the Indian parasite in comparison to other Plasmodium species.
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PMID:Plasmodium vivax apicoplast genome: a comparative analysis of major genes from Indian field isolates. 2226 19

MiRNAs are endogenous, single stranded ~22-nucleotide non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) which are transcribed by RNA polymerase II and mediate negative post-transcriptional gene regulation through binding to 3'untranslated regions (UTR), possibly open reading frames (ORFs) or 5'UTRs of target mRNAs. MiRNAs are involved in the normal physiology of eukaryotic cells, so dysregulation may be associated with diseases like cancer, and neurodegenerative, heart and other disorders. Among all cancers, lung cancer, with high incidence and mortality worldwide, is classified into two main groups: non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer. Recent promising studies suggest that gene expression profiles and miRNA signatures could be a useful step in a noninvasive, low-cost and repeatable screening process of lung cancer. Similarly, every stage of lung development during fetal life is associated with specific miRNAs. Since lung development and lung cancer phenomena share the same physiological, biological and molecular processes like cell proliferation, development and shared mRNA or expression regulation pathways, and according to data adopted from various studies, they may have partially shared miRNA signature. Thus, focusing on lung cancer in relation to lung development in miRNA studies might provide clues for lung cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014
PMID:MiRNA molecular profiles in human medical conditions: connecting lung cancer and lung development phenomena. 2552 67

Mediator 19 (Med19) is a component of the mediator complex which is a coactivator for DNA-binding factors that activate transcription via RNA polymerase II. Accumulating evidence has shown that Med19 plays important roles in cancer cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. The involvement of Med19 in sensitivity to the chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin was here investigated. We employed RNA interference to reduce Med19 expression in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines and analyzed their phenotypic changes. The results showed that after Med19 siRNA transfection, expression of Med19 mRNA and protein was dramatically reduced (p<0.05). Meanwhile, impaired growth potential, arrested cell cycle at G0/G1 phase and enhanced sensitivity to cisplatin were exhibited. Apoptosis and caspase-3 activity were increased when cells were exposed to Med19 siRNA and/or cisplatin. The present findings suggest that Med19 facilitates tumorigenic properties of NSCLC cells and knockdown of Med19 may be a rational therapeutic tool for lung cancer cisplatin sensitization.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015
PMID:Knockdown of Med19 suppresses proliferation and enhances chemo-sensitivity to cisplatin in non-small cell lung cancer cells. 2573 76


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