Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase)
 34,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We describe the cloning, nucleotide sequencing and expression in Escherichia coli of the major capsid component (VP60) from the Spanish field isolate AST/89 of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV). The sequence of the 3'-terminal 2483 nucleotides of the genome was found to be 95.4% identical to the German RHDV strain, showing ten changes in the deduced VP60 amino acid sequence. The gene coding for this structural polypeptide has been expressed in bacteria as a beta-galactosidase fusion protein or using a T7 RNA polymerase-based system. The VP60 fusion protein showed only partial antigenic similarity with native VP60 and did not confer protective immunity. The recombinant VP60 produced in the T7 RNA polymerase-based system was antigenically similar to the viral polypeptide as determined using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. When used to immunize rabbits the recombinant VP60 was able to protect the animals against a lethal challenge using purified RHDV.
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PMID:Molecular cloning, sequencing and expression in Escherichia coli of the capsid protein gene from rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (Spanish isolate AST/89). 807 41

The rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) (isolate AST/89) RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase (3Dpol) coding region was expressed in Escherichia coli by using a glutathione S-transferase-based vector, which allowed milligram purification of a homogeneous enzyme with an expected molecular mass of about 58 kDa. The recombinant polypeptide exhibited rifampin- and actinomycin D-resistant, poly(A)-dependent poly(U) polymerase. The enzyme also showed RNA polymerase activity in in vitro reactions with synthetic RHDV subgenomic RNA in the presence or absence of an oligo(U) primer. Template-size products were synthesized in the oligo(U)-primed reactions, whereas in the absence of added primer, RNA products up to twice the length of the template were made. The double-length RNA products were double stranded and hybridized to both positive- and negative-sense probes.
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PMID:Expression of enzymatically active rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase in Escherichia coli. 952 22

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients frequently present with elevated levels of serum transaminases (alanine aminotransferase [ALT] and/or aspartate aminotransferase [AST]). This has often been attributed to the hepatic effects of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs, including nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). A review of cohort studies investigating the incidence of hepatotoxicity among patients receiving ARV therapy suggests that the overall rate of ALT and/or AST elevations is similar among all ARVs. The rate of severe hepatotoxicity, ALT and/or ASTlevels >5 times the upper limit of normal (ULN), during therapy with NNRTIs is relatively low but may be significantly higher in patients with concurrent chronic viral hepatitis (hepatitis B or C). A comprehensive analysis of 17 randomized clinical trials of nevirapine demonstrated that 10% of all nevirapine-treated patients developed elevated levels of ALT and/or AST >5 times the ULN; however, almost two-thirds (6.3% of nevirapine-treated patients) of these elevations were asymptomatic. Symptomatic hepatic events were seen in 4.9% (3.2%-8.9%) of nevirapine-treated patients.
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PMID:Drug-induced liver injury associated with the use of nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors. 1547 67

The pathological effects of alpha-amanitin on BALB/c mice after receiving intravenous injection were evaluated by RP-HPLC and mouse genome oligonucleotide microarray. The content of alpha-amanitin in Amanita virosa was about 2833.8 microg/g dry fruiting body. The liver and kidneys showed critical pathological changes after alpha-amanitin poisoning, and sera BUN, Crea, ALT, AST, TBIL and DBIL were the sensitive markers. The compound alpha-amanitin was detected in liver and kidney tissue homogenates by RP-HPLC after 48 h. The results of mouse genome oligonucleotide microarray showed 146 genes' expression changed, which formed the alternant network. The expression of 66 genes decreased, while 80 ones increased with more than two-fold differential expression after 48 h. The compound alpha-amanitin influenced not only RNA polymerase II, but also the expression of its associated genes. The application of mouse oligo chip provided valuable data for further understanding the biological properties and molecular pathogenesis of alpha-amanitin, also might be helpful for screening the curative drug for alpha-amanitin intoxication.
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PMID:Pathological effects of the mushroom toxin alpha-amanitin on BALB/c mice. 1704 1

Clinical features, aminotransferases levels, and antibody to HCV have only limited correlation with the activity of liver disease and cannot accurately predict persistence versus eradication of the virus in haemodialysis patients. Although permanent loss of serum HCV RNA appears to correlate with resolution of the disease, little is known about the predictive value of a single HCV RNA value. The aim of the study was to evaluate the viraemia in the serum of HCV antibody positive haemodialysis patients during a period of 3 years. The study group consisted of 65 HCV antibody positive patients from our dialysis unit. HCV antibodies were measured every 6 months by ELISA third-generation assay. The presence of serum HCV RNA was assessed by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) once a year during the period of 3 years. Serum levels of aminotransferases were measured monthly with standard automated analyzers. There were three different patterns of viraemia after the third assessment of the serum HCV RNA in HCV antibody positive patients: 47% (30/65) were persistently HCV RNA positive, 38% (25/65) were intermittently HCV RNA positive, and 15% (10/65) were persistently HCV RNA negative. The dominant genotype was 1a, detected in 97% of the patients positive for HCV RNA. The HCV RNA persistently positive patients had significantly higher levels of ALT compared to HCV RNA persistently negative patients (50.07 +/- 30.0 vs. 28.5 +/- 10.0 U/L, p < 0.027). There was no significant difference between the three groups of patients according to age, haemodialysis duration, and serum levels of AST. This pattern of intermittent viraemia clearly showed that a single negative result of the presence of serum HCV RNA in an HCV antibody positive patient should not be taken as a proof of a persistent resolution of HCV. Thus, repeated testing for HCV RNA is necessary to assess viraemia accurately in HCV antibody positive patients. HCV antibody positive patients who were persistently serum HCV RNA negative could be potentially infectious because of the possibility of the persistence of occult hepatitis C.
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PMID:Patterns of viraemia in haemodialysis patients with hepatitis C. 1925 47

This study aimed to investigate the biochemical influence of broccoli and beet extracts on selected individual additives NaNO2 or sunset yellow treated rats, in addition to the gene expression of some antioxidant enzymes. Forty-two male rats were assigned to seven groups of six rats in each group. The control group was fed a diet without an additive for four weeks. Group (2) received NaNO2, groups (3) received NaNO2 co-administered with broccoli extract (4) NaNO2 co-administered with beet extracts, Group (5) received sunset yellow, Group (6) received sunset yellow co-administered with broccoli extract, and Group (7) received sunset yellow co-administered with beet extract, for four weeks. At the end of the experiment, blood, liver, kidney, and brain samples were taken for biochemical and/or molecular analysis. The mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes was determined by reversing transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The obtained results revealed that rats co-administered with beet or broccoli extracts had a significant decrease in serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP, urea, total lipids, and triglycerides, as well as a significant increase in reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activities, compared to the normal control group. Oral administration of NaNO2 or sunset yellow caused a significant increase in serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP, urea, total lipids, and triglycerides, as well as a significant decrease in GSH, GSH-px, and SOD compared to the positive group. In conclusion, this study showed that broccoli and beet extracts have a protective effect against NaNO2 or sunset yellow in rat treated groups.
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PMID:Biochemical and molecular studies on the possible influence of the Brassica oleracea and Beta vulgaris extracts to mitigate the effect of food preservatives and food chemical colorants on albino rats. 2518 45