Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase)
 34,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This review focused on technical advancements in the detection of CTCs/DTCs in urogenital cancer. Most of the established methods of circulating tumor cell enrichment use density-gradient centrifugation and immunomagnetic procedures. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is another detection technique. Novel methods, the CTC chip and the epithelial immunospot (EPISPOT) assay, have already shown promising results. For localized and metastatic prostate cancer, significant correlations between CTCs/DTCs and well-established indicators of disease activity have been demonstrated. Furthermore, various studies support the prognostic relevance of CTCs in metastatic bladder and renal cell carcinoma patients. Advanced technologies offer new options for estimating the risk of progression after curative-intended surgery and may allow a more effective monitoring of disease progression or response to therapy.
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PMID:Disseminated and circulating tumor cells for monitoring chemotherapy in urological tumors. 2173 22

Detection of circulating tumor cells remains a significant challenge due to their vast physical and biological heterogeneity. We developed a cell-surface-marker-independent technology based on telomerase-specific, replication-selective oncolytic herpes-simplex-virus-1 that targets telomerase-reverse-transcriptase-positive cancer cells and expresses green-fluorescent-protein that identifies viable CTCs from a broad spectrum of malignancies. Our method recovered 75.5-87.2% of tumor cells spiked into healthy donor blood, as validated by different methods, including single cell sequencing. CTCs were detected in 59-100% of 326 blood samples from patients with 6 different solid organ carcinomas and lymphomas. Significantly, CTC-positive rates increased remarkably with tumor progression from N0M0, N+M0 to M1 in each of 5 tested cancers (lung, colon, liver, gastric and pancreatic cancer, and glioma). Among 21 non-small cell lung cancer cases in which CTC values were consecutively monitored, 81% showed treatment-related decreases, which was also found after treatments in the other solid tumors. Moreover, monitoring CTC values provided an efficient treatment response indicator in hematological malignancies. Compared to CellSearch, our method detected significantly higher positive rates in 40 NSCLC in all stages, including N0M0, N+M0 and M1, and was less affected by chemotherapy. This simple, robust and clinically-applicable technology detects viable CTCs from solid and hematopoietic malignancies in early to late stages, and significantly improves clinical detection and treatment prognostication.
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PMID:Tumor-selective replication herpes simplex virus-based technology significantly improves clinical detection and prognostication of viable circulating tumor cells. 2720 95

In December 2006, symptoms typical of iris yellow spot caused by Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV; genus Tospovirus, family Bunyaviridae) were observed on scapes (seed stalks) in an onion (Allium cepa L.) seed crop in the Klein Karoo of the Western Cape Province, South Africa. Symptoms included diamond-shaped chlorotic or necrotic lesions on the scapes, some of which had 'green-islands' with nested diamond-shaped lesions, as well as indistinct, circular to irregular, chlorotic or necrotic lesions of various sizes. At the time symptoms were observed, approximately 5% of the scapes had lodged as a result of extensive lesions resembling those caused by IYSV. The crop was 2 to 3 weeks from harvest. Symptomatic tissue from two plants (two samples from one plant and four samples from the other plant) was tested for IYSV by reverse-transcriptase (RT)-PCR. Total RNA was extracted from symptomatic scape tissue with the SV Total RNA Isolation System (Promega, Madison, WI) according to the manufacturer's instructions. First strand cDNA was synthesized with the RevertAid H Minus First Strand cDNA Synthesis kit (Fermentas Inc., Hanover, MD), followed by PCR amplification with primers IYSV-For (TGG YGG AGA TGY RGA TGT GGT) and IYSV-Rev (ATT YTT GGG TTT AGA AGA CTC ACC), which amplify the nucleocapsid (NP) gene of IYSV. An amplicon of expected size (approximately 750 bp) was observed for each of the symptomatic plants assayed and was sequenced. Comparison of the sequence (GenBank Accession No. EF579801) with GenBank sequences revealed 95% sequence identity with the NP gene of IYSV GenBank Accession No. EF419888, with eight amino acid differences. The known geographic distribution of IYSV in onion bulb or seed crops has increased rapidly in recent years in many areas of the world (1). To our knowledge, this is the first confirmation of IYSV in South Africa. Approximately 6,100 ha of onion bulb crops are grown annually in South Africa in the Western Cape, Kwazulu Natal, Limpopo, and Northern Cape provinces, and 600 ha of onion seed crops are grown primarily in the semi-arid regions of the Western Cape. Examination of an additional 10 onion seed crops in the Klein Karoo during January 2007 revealed the presence of iris yellow spot in three more crops at approximately 5% incidence in each crop. The four symptomatic crops had all been planted as bulb-to-seed crops, using vernalized bulbs produced on the same farm. This suggests that IYSV may have been disseminated into the seed crops on the vernalized bulbs, either as infected bulb tissue or in viruliferous thrips on the bulbs. Reference: (1) D. H. Gent et al. Plant Dis. 90:1468, 2006.
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PMID:Iris yellow spot virus in Onion Seed Crops in South Africa. 3078 Jun 76

During the winter of 2000, tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum) with a bright yellow leaf mosaic were observed in a commercial greenhouse in southern Ontario, Canada. Examination of leaf extracts, using leaf dips and immunosorbent absorption electron microscopy (ISEM), showed flexuous rods consistent with the potexvirus group. Polyclonal antibodies raised against the original Peruvian Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) isolate (1) and commercial antibodies obtained from Deutsche Sammlung von Mikro-organismen und Zellkulturen (DSMZ), GmbH, Braunsweig, Germany, and Plant Research International (PRI), Wageningen, the Netherlands, were used in ISEM. Leaves tested positive in double-antibody sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with antibodies from DSMZ and PRI. A triple-antibody sandwich-ELISA obtained from Adgen Ltd. (Nellies Gate, UK) gave similar results. Potato virus X did not react with PepMV antiserum in ELISA. Positive PepMV ELISA controls were a U.K. and a Dutch isolate supplied by R. Mumford and R. A. A. van Vlugt, respectively, and DSMZ. Using primers generated from a sequence of the RNA polymerase region of a U.K. PepMV isolate (R. Mumford, unpublished data), a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction test showed the expected 312-bp amplicon for the Canadian, Dutch, and U.K. isolates. The primer sequences used were forward 5' CTA TTA CAA CTC CGG AAG CCA 3' and reverse 5' TGG TCT GGC CAG GCT TTG AC 3'. The three isolates were maintained in tomato cv. Bush Beefsteak. When mechanically inoculated on L. esculentum cv. Rapsodie, the Canadian isolate caused a bright yellow mosaic in 1 to 2 weeks, while the two European isolates caused a faint yellow mosaic and mild puckering of the leaves. When mechanically inoculated on 17 indicator plants, the Canadian isolate had a host range similar to the U.K. isolate. The most striking difference in symptoms occurred in L. pimpinellifolium, in which the Canadian isolate caused a yellow mosaic, the Dutch isolate caused no symptoms, and the U.K. isolate caused a marked puckering of the leaves, suggesting virus strain differences among the isolates. Tomato fruits originating from the United States were collected during border inspections by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency and tested for PepMV by ELISA with antisera from DSMZ. PepMV was not detected in 7 samples from California, but was detected in 6 of 12 samples from Colorado, 6 of 7 samples from Arizona, and 1 of 5 samples from Texas. PepMV was originally isolated from pepino (Solanum muricatum) in Peru in 1980 (1) and subsequently from tomato in the Netherlands in 1999 (2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of PepMV in North America. References: (1) R. Jones et al. Ann. Appl. Biol. 94:61, 1980. (2) R. A. A. van Vlugt et al. Plant Dis. 84:103, 2000.
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PMID:First Report of Pepino mosaic virus in Canada and the United States. 3082 96