Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase)
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Carotenoid-containing yeasts in Sporidiobolales (Microbotryomycetes, Pucciniomycotina, Basidiomycota) have been reported from contrasting ecosystems, including marine, soil, phylloplane, polar ice, and many others. Here, we present several analyses drawing on 583 new isolates collected from various substrates around the globe and publicly available sequences from numerous published environmental studies. We provide a multilocus phylogenetic reconstruction of the order, estimates for total species richness, a snapshot of global distribution patterns, and analysis of niche preferences in Sporidiobolales, emphasizing their occurrence in commercial crops and food products. We evaluated loci commonly used in fungal phylogenetics, finding that RNA polymerase II subunits 1 and 2 (RPB1, RPB2) are of little utility in this group. We have reconfirmed the monophyly of Sporidiobolales with three well-supported genera, which are, in descending order of number of species, Rhodotorula, Sporobolomyces, and Rhodosporidiobolus. From our data, we estimate ca. 260 species in Sporidiobolales, of which 42 are described, and ca. 52,000 species in Pucciniomycotina. The majority of data regarding Sporidiobolales are from North America and Europe, highlighting severe knowledge gaps for most of South and Central America and Africa.
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PMID:A closer look at Sporidiobolales: Ubiquitous microbial community members of plant and food biospheres. 2986 3

Carotenoid production in some non-phototropic bacteria occurs in a light-dependent manner to protect cells from photo-oxidants. Knowledge regarding the transcriptional regulator involved in the light-dependent production of carotenoids of non-phototrophic bacteria has been mainly confined to coenzyme B12-based photo-sensitive regulator CarH/LitR family proteins belonging to a MerR family transcriptional regulator. In this study, we found that bacteria belonging to Micrococcales and Corynebacteriales exhibit light-dependent carotenoid-like pigment production including an amino acid-producer Corynebacterium glutamicum AJ1511. CrtR is a putative MarR family transcriptional regulator located in the divergent region of a carotenoid biosynthesis gene cluster in the genome of those bacteria. A null mutant for crtR of C. glutamicum AJ1511 exhibited constitutive production of carotenoids independent of light. A complemented strain of the crtR mutant produced carotenoids in a light-dependent manner. Transcriptional analysis revealed that the expression of carotenoid biosynthesis genes is regulated in a light-dependent manner in the wild type, while the transcription was upregulated in the crtR mutant irrespective of light. In vitro experiments demonstrated that a recombinant CrtR protein binds to the specific sequences within the intergenic region of crtR and crtE, which corresponds to -58 to -7 for crtE, and +26 to -28 for crtR with respect to the transcriptional start site, and serves as a repressor for crtE transcription directed by RNA polymerase containing SigA. Taken together, the results indicate that CrtR light-dependently controls the expression of the carotenoid gene cluster in C. glutamicum and probably closely related Actinobacteria.
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PMID:Light-inducible carotenoid production controlled by a MarR-type regulator in Corynebacterium glutamicum. 3151 49