Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase)
 34,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Protein macromolecules specifically binding [3H]5alpha-dihydrotestosterone ([3H]DHT) have been identified in cytosol and in nuclei prepared from human benign hypertrophic prostate. These macromolecules have similar properties to receptor proteins from other androgen-dependent tissues, as regards sedimentation coefficients on sucrose gradients and steroid specificity. Cytosol preparations from androgen-dependent tissues were able to transfer [3H]DHT in a recoverable protein-bound form to nuclei of other androgen-dependent tissues but not to nuclei of androgen-independent tissues. No transfer of radioactive steroid from cytosol of these latter tissues to any nuclei could be achieved. Labelled cytosol preparations from androgen-dependent tissues could stimulate the RNA polymerase activity of nuclei from androgen-dependent tissues but not that of nuclei from androgen-independent tissues. Cytosol preparations from these latter tissues could not affect RNA polymerase activity. Under suitable ionic conditions, human cytosol preparations containing DHT could stimulate both alpha-amanitin-sensitive and -insensitive RNA polymerase activities of human prostatic nuclei. However, rat ventral prostatic DHT-cytosol protein complexes were equally as efficient in performing this function, suggesting the possible involvement of specific DHT-receptor complexes in this process. It is therfore suggested that receptor molecules from androgen-dependent tissues may not be species specific but may share properties which would facilitate research into the understanding and aetiology of pathological conditions.
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PMID:Similarities between 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone-receptor complexes from human and rat prostatic tissue: effects on RNA polymerase activity. 17 Jan 52

The effects of retinoic acids (RAs) on development of seminal vesicles (SVs) of neonatal mice were investigated in vitro. SVs from 0-day-old male mice were cultured for 2-6 days in serum-free, chemically defined medium containing transferrin and BSA supplemented with 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT; 10(-8) M) and insulin (10 microg/ml), alone and in combination. Before culture, SVs from 0-day-old mice consisted of an unbranched epithelium surrounded by mesenchyme. SVs cultured in medium with DHT plus insulin or DHT alone formed numerous epithelial branches after day 2 of culture, whereas epithelial branching did not occur in SVs cultured with insulin alone. All-trans-RA or 13-cis-RA (10(-9)-10(-6) M) added to medium containing DHT plus insulin or DHT alone inhibited epithelial branching in a dose-dependent manner. This inhibitory effect was reversible after removal of the retinoids from the medium on day 4 of culture. These RAs also decreased [3H]thymidine labeling indexes of both epithelium and mesenchyme of SVs cultured in medium with DHT plus insulin or DHT alone and inhibited the increase in their protein contents. 9-Cis-RA was less inhibitory than all-trans-RA or 13-cis-RA on epithelial branching, [3H]thymidine labeling indexes of epithelium and mesenchyme, and protein content of SVs cultured in medium with DHT and insulin. In the absence of DHT (insulin alone), all-trans-RA did not affect either the [3H]thymidine labeling indexes of epithelium and mesenchyme or the protein content of cultured SVs. Reverse transcriptase-PCR demonstrated strong expression of transcripts for mouse RA receptors (RARalpha, RARgamma, and RXRalpha), with lower levels of expression of RARbeta, RXRbeta, and RXRgamma in neonatal SVs. The present results indicate that RAs reversibly inhibit androgen-dependent development of neonatal mouse SVs, most likely through RARs.
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PMID:Inhibitory effects of retinoic acids on androgen-dependent development of neonatal mouse seminal vesicles in vitro. 877 Sep 10

Androgen-dependent growth of prostate tissue has been well documented. An additional prerequisite for cellular growth is the accumulation of ribosomes. It is thus reasonable to hypothesize that ribosomal DNA (rDNA) transcription in prostate tissue must be stimulated by androgen either directly or indirectly. This hypothesis was tested using both LNCaP cells, an androgen-dependent tissue culture line and in a rat animal model. Nuclear run-on assays confirmed that the administration of DHT to LNCaP cells resulted in a two- to three-fold increase in the rate of rRNA synthesis when compared to cells maintained in the absence of androgen. Enzymatic analysis and Western blots were carried out to measure the amount (activity and mass) of RNA polymerase I in DHT treated LNCaP cells. These assays demonstrated that neither the catalytic activity of RNA polymerase I nor the amount of the enzyme varied in response to DHT. However, Western blots revealed that the amount of the auxiliary RNA polymerase I transcription factor UBF, was significantly increased (two- to three-fold) in cells grown in the presence of DHT. Similar experiments were carried out with prostatic tissue obtained from orchiectomized rats maintained on either placebo or testosterone pellets. In this model, both the catalytic activity as well as the amount of RNA polymerase I protein decreased. However, in agreement with the tissue culture model, UBF protein decreased in prostates from orchiectomized rats and was maintained in animals supplemented with testosterone. These lines of evidence are consistent with the hypothesis that androgens stimulate rRNA synthesis by increasing the quantities of the components of the rDNA transcription system.
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PMID:Androgen regulation of ribosomal RNA synthesis in LNCaP cells and rat prostate. 901 Mar 48

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in males worldwide. Circular RNA (circRNA) is a unique class of RNA transcribed by RNA polymerase II characterized by jointing 3' and 5' ends together via exon or intron circularization. However, the molecular functions of circRNAs in prostate cancer have rarely been explored. In present study, we found circ-SMARCA5 was up-regulated in prostate cancer samples compared to match normal tissues. We also observed circ-SMARCA5 expression was significantly induced after DHT treatment. Functional experiments showed circ-SMARCA5 acted as an oncogene in prostate cancer by promoting cell cycle and inhibiting cell apoptosis. We thought this study provided useful information for exploring circRNAs as potential therapeutic and prognostic targets for prostate cancer.
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PMID:Androgen-responsive circular RNA circSMARCA5 is up-regulated and promotes cell proliferation in prostate cancer. 2876 45