Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase)
 34,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cancers from patients with tumor-induced hypercalcemia usually produce a circulating factor that mimics the parathyroid hormone activity, termed parathyroid hormone-related protein. Incidence of tumor-induced hypercalcemia appears to be high in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus, and the presence of parathyroid hormone-related protein have been shown in some primary esophageal cancers. In the present study, we have investigated the presence of parathyroid hormone-related protein in a patient with metastasized squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus complicated with tumor-induced hypercalcemia. Protein was searched by immunohistochemistry, and messenger RNA was investigated by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and S1 nuclease assay. Both messenger RNA and protein were detected in hepatic metastases, whereas normal esophageal mucosa and primary cancer did not express detectable protein or messenger RNA using the S1 nuclease assay. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was positive in all these tissues, including normal esophageal mucosa. In conclusion, the present case suggests that tumor-induced hypercalcemia due to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma may be caused by parathyroid hormone-related protein mostly released by liver metastases.
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PMID:Parathyroid hormone-related protein in an esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with tumor-induced hypercalcemia. 904 Feb 21

Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has been utilized to detect living micrometastases of cancer cells in the lymph node, ascites or circulation system. However, the method was so sensitive that false-positives happened frequently. Therefore we have developed a quantification of CEA mRNA using real-time PCR to detect living cancer cells in the circulating blood and examined its usefulness as a predictive marker for liver metastases of colon cancer. In cell spiking experiments, it was possible to detect CEA mRNA in 10(1) cancer cells diluted in 10(7) normal lymphocytes. In the blood samples of cancer patients, the CEA mRNA level was significantly higher in Dukes' D patients than in the other clinical stages of colorectal cancer. This indicates that quantification of CEA mRNA is useful for the evaluation of colorectal cancer progress and that the post-operative increase of CEA mRNA can be a predictive marker for micrometastasis.
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PMID:Real-time PCR (TaqMan PCR) quantification of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) mRNA in the peripheral blood of colorectal cancer patients. 1282 Mar 82

Liver metastasis is the primary cause of death for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. To investigate the prognostic value of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) on colorectal liver metastases, quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR (quantitative RT-PCR) was performed on 15 lncRNAs in 51 stage IV CRC with liver metastases and 57 stage I/II CRC specimens. The expression levels of four lncRNAs (GAS5, H19, MEG3 and Yiya) were significantly different between liver metastases and primary tumors of stage IV CRC patients. Furthermore, the high expression levels of GAS5 and Yiya were significantly associated with future occurrence of liver metastases in early stage CRC patients. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the high expression levels of GAS5 or Yiya were correlated with poor prognosis of early stage CRC patients (p = 0.0206 and 0.0005 for GAS5 and Yiya, respectively). Yiya expression was proved to be an independent prognostic indicator of colorectal liver metastases in a multivariate analysis (relative risk = 10.7; p < 0.0001). Our study revealed that GAS5 and Yiya were promising prognostic biomarkers of liver metastases for early stage CRC patients.
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PMID:Long non-coding RNAs: novel prognostic biomarkers for liver metastases in patients with early stage colorectal cancer. 2739 32