Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase)
34,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The vaccinia virus DNA-dependent RNA polymerase subunit gene rpo19 was identified, and its expression was examined at RNA and protein levels. Antibody to the multisubunit RNA polymerase purified from virions reacted with a polypeptide with an apparent Mr of 21,000 that was synthesized in reticulocyte lysates programmed with (i) mRNA from infected cells that was isolated by hybridization to DNA subclones of the viral genomic HindIII A fragment and (ii) mRNA made in vitro by transcription of the viral open reading frame A6R. Polyclonal antiserum, raised to a recombinant protein product of the A6R open reading frame which could encode an 18,996-Da protein with an acidic N terminus, reacted with Mr-21,000 and -22,000 polypeptides that cosedimented with purified RNA polymerase. Internal sequencing of the two polypeptides confirmed that both were encoded by A6R, and the gene was named rpo19 to indicate the predicted molecular mass of the polypeptide in kilodaltons. Immunoblotting and metabolic labeling of infected cell proteins indicated that synthesis of the Mr-21,000 polypeptide started early and continued throughout virus infection, whereas the Mr-22,000 form appeared late following DNA replication. RNA analyses suggested that the rpo19 mRNA was expressed from a dual early/late promoter and that the protein-coding region of the mRNA was directly preceded by a short 5' poly(A) leader, apparently initiated within the TAAATG motif at the beginning of the open reading frame.
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PMID:Identification and expression of rpo19, a vaccinia virus gene encoding a 19-kilodalton DNA-dependent RNA polymerase subunit. 173 Nov 16

The role of respiratory syncytial virus (RS virus) in otitis media with effusion was studied. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and nested polymerase chain reaction (Nested PCR) were used to provide accurate methods for detection of RS viral sequences in the otitis media effusion from children. We could find RS viral sequences in 10/12 samples tested which had been collected during and even after natural outbreak of RSV in the community. These observations suggest RS virus as an important factor in the pathogenesis of otitis media with effusion. The disturbance of the local humoral and cell-mediated immune response in the middle ear accompanied with RS virus infection may lead to the development of infection-induced inflammation and ventilatory compromise, development of suppurative and effusion, multiplication of low virulence pathogens and subsequent development of mucosal damage.
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PMID:[Detection of RS viral sequences in otitis media effusion from children]. 175 48

The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) ICP4 protein is a transcriptional activator of many eucaryotic RNA polymerase II promoters. The HSV-1 thymidine kinase gene (tk) promoter is induced by ICP4 and contains binding sites for the cellular transcription factors TFIID, Sp1, and CCAAT-binding proteins, each of which affects expression of the tk gene. In this study, the effects of mutations in these sites on the transcription of tk in the presence and absence of ICP4 were determined during viral infection. Only the TATA box was necessary for efficient expression in the presence of ICP4; however, ICP4 apparently can still induce tk transcription even when the TATA box is disrupted. Alteration of the Sp1 sites had a minor effect on ICP4-induced expression in comparison to a large effect in the absence of ICP4, indicating that ICP4 can operationally substitute for the function of the transcription factor Sp1. In addition, tk was still expressed with the kinetics of an early gene in the absence of binding sites for Sp1 and CCAAT-binding proteins.
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PMID:Herpes simplex virus transactivator ICP4 operationally substitutes for the cellular transcription factor Sp1 for efficient expression of the viral thymidine kinase gene. 184 84

The gene rpo35, encoding a subunit of the vaccinia virus DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, was identified, and its RNA and protein products were characterized. An Mr 35,000 polypeptide, which bound antibody to the purified RNA polymerase, was synthesized in reticulocyte lysates programmed with viral mRNA that hybridized to a 2,300-base pair segment of the viral genome. Determination of the sequence of the DNA segment revealed four potential protein coding regions, none of which had evident similarity to any described RNA polymerase subunit of prokaryotes or eukaryotes. One open reading frame that could encode a 35,400-Da protein was identified as rpo35 on the basis of mRNA hybridization, cell-free translation, and immunoprecipitation. The identification was confirmed by sequencing tryptic peptides of the authentic Mr 35,000 RNA polymerase subunit. Antiserum to the purified recombinant protein, expressed in bacteria, reacted specifically with a Mr 35,000 polypeptide that was detected starting 2 h after virus infection and that co-sedimented with RNA polymerase purified from virions. RNA analyses indicated that the 5'-end of an early transcript started 25 nucleotides upstream of rpo35, which is consistent with the location of an early promoter consensus sequence.
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PMID:Identification, sequence, and expression of the gene encoding a Mr 35,000 subunit of the vaccinia virus DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. 185 5

We studied the antiviral activity and the mechanism of action of a new antiviral agent and kanamycin derivative, 1-N-eicosanoyl-3"-N-trifluoroacetyl kanamycin A (ETKA), against influenza A virus. From yield reduction assays with VERO cells, ETKA showed a significant antiviral activity with negligible cytotoxic effect. In the presence of 20 micrograms/ml of ETKA at which VERO cell growth was not inhibited, virus titer was suppressed to 11.2% of control, and at 100 micrograms/ml virus production was suppressed to more than 99%. ETKA markedly inhibited viral protein synthesis when cells were pretreated with the drug before infection, but there was no inhibition when the drug was added 15 min post-infection. ETKA did not inhibit virus adsorption and penetration. Nor did it affect the activity of viral RNA polymerase in vitro. We found that the drug had a direct inactivating effect on influenza A virus under acidic conditions. These results suggest that ETKA exerts its antiviral action mainly in the early stage, prior to uncoating by direct inactivation of the virus due to the acidic environment of the endocytic vesicle. Aerosol treatment with the drug protected mice against a lethal influenza A virus infection.
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PMID:Inhibition of influenza A virus replication by a kanamycin derivative. 188 75

A full-length cDNA clone of the U1 (common) strain of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was constructed, and highly infectious transcripts were produced in vitro using bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase. Frameshift mutations designed to cause premature termination of translation were introduced into either the 30-kDa movement protein (MP) gene or the coat protein (CP) gene. The MP-frameshift mutant was unable to locally or systemically infect inoculated tobacco plants. However, inoculation of transgenic tobacco plants that expressed a wild-type TMV MP gene resulted in both local and systemic viral infection. The CP-frameshift mutant, although unable to move systemically in nontransformed tobacco, exhibited systemic movement in transgenic plants that expressed a wild-type TMV CP gene. Transgenic tobacco plants that expressed the appropriate wild-type TMV gene were thus able to complement, in trans, mutant viruses lacking a functional MP or CP gene.
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PMID:In vivo complementation of infectious transcripts from mutant tobacco mosaic virus cDNAs in transgenic plants. 199 70

The red clover necrotic mosaic dianthovirus (RCNMV) genome is split between two essentially nonhomologous ssRNAs of 3.9 kb (RNA-1) and 1.45 kb (RNA-2) which are each capped at the 5' terminus with m7GpppA. cDNA clones short of full length by several nucleotides at both termini have been generated to both RNAs. Oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis was employed to generate a series of RNA-1 and -2 transcription vectors in which the bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase promoter was fused to full-length cDNA clones. Yields of in vitro transcripts initiating with wild-type viral 5'-terminal adenosine were extremely low. Efficient transcription was achieved only when one, or alternatively two, nonviral guanosines were engineered 5' to the authentic viral sequence at the transcription start site. m7GpppG-capped or -uncapped RCNMV RNA-1 and RNA-2 transcripts were infectious and induced symptoms identical to those of wild-type virus infection when coinoculated on the systemic hosts Nicotiana benthamiana and N. clevelandii, and on the local lesion host Chenopodium amaranticolor. Uncapped in vitro transcripts were somewhat less infectious. Progeny virus derived from infectious transcript inoculum was as infectious as wild-type virus. Primer extension analysis indicated that the 5'-terminal nonviral guanosine residues were not maintained in the progeny virus.
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PMID:Red clover necrotic mosaic virus infectious transcripts synthesized in vitro. 202 74

Rats inoculated intraperitoneally with 100 LD50 of Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis virus (VEE), showed a significant decrease of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase type I activity of brain nuclei of 29.7% and 59.3% at 24 and 48 hours after infection, respectively, while the animals had no clinical symptoms of illness. No alterations were observed in the nuclei of mononuclear cells at any time. VEE virus titer was higher in the serum than in the brain. The results suggest that viral infection produced a modification in the activity of this enzyme only in brain, even with a low amount of virus, and had no effect on enzyme activity of mononuclear cells.
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PMID:RNA-polymerase, type I: activity in rat brain cell nuclei and peripheral blood mononuclear cells after Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus infection. 205 41

Diverse biological activities of hot-water and alkali extracts of lignified materials were reviewed and the molecular species involved are discussed. Materials tested included pine cone of Pinus parviflora SIEB. et Zucc., wood chips of slash pine, Douglas fir, and tallow wood, and two basidiocarps, in addition to their partially degraded preparations and commercial lignins. As a tentative conclusion, the lignin structure of these extracts might be responsible for the potent stimulation of granulocytic cell iodination, inhibition of viral infection and/or proliferation in vitro, and inactivation of viral ribonucleic acid (RNA)-dependent RNA polymerase and (adenosine diphosphate-ribose)n glycohydrolase. Other activities displayed by some of these extracts, such as antibacterial and antitumor activities, induction of hemolytic plaque-forming-cells in mice, and stimulation of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis of isolated splenocytes, remain to be investigated.
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PMID:Lignified materials as potential medicinal resources. III. Diversity of biological activity and possible molecular species involved. 208 83

Adenovirus VA RNA1 is a small RNA polymerase III transcript that enhances mRNA translation both in transfected cells and during a lytic virus infection. Here we present evidence that VA RNA1 also, in length-dependent manner, increases cytoplasmic mRNA abundance in transient expression assays in 293 cells.
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PMID:A novel effect of adenovirus VA RNA1 on cytoplasmic mRNA abundance. 210 86


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