Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase)
 34,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) is caused by a group of enteroviruses, most commonly coxsackievirus A 16 (CA16) and enterovirus 71 (EV71). In general, the disease is mild and self-limited except in the case of EV71 infections, which may incur serious complications. This research focused on virus characterization of HFMD cases in Thailand from 2008-2009, related clinical findings and complications of specific enterovirus subtypes. Specimens (stool, vesicle fluid, throat swab/sputum) from 48 cases were collected during 2008-2009. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by direct sequencing and phylogenetic analysis served to detect enterovirus and determine subtype. Enterovirus was found in 58.3% (28/48) of cases, specifically EV71 (n=23), CA16 (n=4), and CA10 (n=1). Two patients infected by EV71 had brainstem encephalitis (one death). Eight patients required hospital admission due to dehydration. Of these, 3 were PCR positive for EV71, 1 for CA16, and the reminder negative. This study demonstrated EV71 as the most prevalent present cause of HFMD in Thailand in 2008-2009. Potentially fatal complications of HFMD should be taken into consideration. Surveillance of epidemiology and monitoring of disease severity should be continued, and as a prevention measure, sanitation and hygiene should be improved.
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PMID:Clinical and molecular characterization of hand-foot-and-mouth disease in Thailand, 2008-2009. 2065 60

Hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is an acute childhood viral exanthem usually associated with coxsackievirus A16 or enterovirus 71. Atypical HFMD associated with coxsackievirus A6 was reported recently. The aim of the current study was to describe coxsackievirus A6-associated atypical HFMD in a series of 8 toddlers who were referred with idiopathic extensive eruptions. Demographic and clinical characteristics, Reverse transcriptase-real-time PCR (RT-PCR) results for enterovirus and phylogenetic analysis for the coxsackievirus A6 strains were recorded. Morphologically polymorphous (vesicular, erosive, papular, desquamative or purpuric) and extensive eruptions were found. One patient had delayed nail shedding. Enterovirus was positive in all patients. Genotype analysis confirmed coxsackievirus A6 in 6 patients and 5 sequences underwent phylogenetic analysis. This is the first such report in Israeli children. In conclusion, coxsackievirus A6 atypical HFMD should be regarded as a novel childhood viral exanthem. We suggest the term "coxsackievirus A6 polymorphic exanthem" due to the extensive and variable nature of this eruption.
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PMID:Coxsackievirus A6 Polymorphic Exanthem in Israeli Children. 2646 13