Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.7.49 (reverse transcriptase)
 31,746 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Regenerating gene (Reg or REG) family, within the superfamily of C-type lectin, is mainly involved in the liver, pancreatic, gastric and intestinal cell proliferation or differentiation. Considerable attention has focused on Reg family and its structurally related molecules. Over the last 15 years, 17 members of the Reg family have been cloned and sequenced. They have been considered as members of a conserved protein family sharing structural and some functional properties being involved in injury, inflammation, diabetes and carcinogenesis. We previously identified Reg IV as a strong candidate for a gene that was highly expressed in colorectal adenoma when compared to normal mucosa based on suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH), reverse Northern blot, semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) and Northern blot. In situ hybridization results further support that overexpression of Reg IV may be an early event in colorectal carcinogenesis. We suggest that detection of Reg IV overexpression might be useful in the early diagnosis of carcinomatous transformation of adenoma. This review summarizes the roles of Reg family in diseases in the literature as well as our recent results of Reg IV in colorectal cancer. The biological properties of Reg family and its possible roles in human diseases are discussed. We particularly focus on the roles of Reg family as sensitive reactants of tissue injury, prognostic indicators of tumor survival and early biomarkers of carcinogenesis. In addition to our current understanding of Reg gene functions, we postulate that there might be relationships between Reg family and microsatellite instability, apoptosis and cancer with a poor prognosis. Investigation of the correlation between tumor Reg expression and survival rate, and analysis of the Reg gene status in human malignancies, are required to elucidate the biologic consequences of Reg gene expression, the implications for Reg gene regulation of cell growth, tumorigenesis, and the progression of cancer. It needs to be further attested whether Reg gene family is applicable in early detection of cancer and whether Reg and Reg-related molecules can offer novel molecular targets for anticancer therapeutics. This has implications with regard to prognosis, such as in monitoring cancer initiation, progression and recurrence, as well as the design of chemotherapeutic drugs.
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PMID:Reg gene family and human diseases. 1466 3

We previously performed a global analysis of the gene expression of gastric cancer cell lines established from peritoneal dissemination (SNU-5, SNU-16, SNU-719, KATO-III and GT3TKB) with the cDNA microarray method to identify the novel markers for the detection of micro-metastasis in peritoneal cavity. One of the up-regulated genes is Reg IV, which is a member of the Reg gene family belonging to calcium dependent lectin (C-type lectin) gene superfamily. We have examined Reg IV potential as a novel marker for the detection of peritoneal micro-metastases of gastric cancer. Reg IV expression was examined in five gastric cancer cell lines established from peritoneal dissemination and compared with myeloid leukemia cell (HL60), methothelial cell lines Met5A and the other gastric cell line established from primary tumor (SNU-1) by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Reg IV was highly overexpressed in 4 gastric cancer cell lines established from peritoneal dissemination, but weakly expressed in other cell lines. According to Reg IV mRNA expression levels in surgically resected specimens, the quantity of Reg IV correlated with wall penetration. Furthermore, Reg IV mRNA expression level in the peritoneal wash from 35 gastric cancer patients was also prone to correlation with wall penetration. These results suggest that Reg IV may be involved in peritoneal dissemination of gastric cancers and Reg IV may be a potential novel marker for peritoneal dissemination of gastric cancers.
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PMID:[Over expression of Reg IV in peritoneal dissemination of gastric cancer]. 1555 56

We had performed a global analysis of the gene expression of gastric cancer cell lines established from malignant ascites to identify the novel markers for the detection of micro-metastasis in peritoneal cavity. One of the up-regulated genes is Reg IV, which is a member of the Reg gene family belonging to calcium dependent lectin (C-type lectin) gene superfamily. But the role of Reg IV in peritoneal dissemination is still unclear. We have examined the potential of Reg IV as a novel marker for the detection of peritoneal micro-metastases of gastric cancer. Reg IV expression was examined by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Mean Reg IV mRNA expression levels in surgically resected specimens (n = 41) were more than 20-times higher than those in normal mucosa from those patients. Furthermore, Reg IV mRNA expression level in the peritoneal wash was strongly higher in peritoneal metastasis compared to those without peritoneal metastasis. These results suggest that Reg IV may be involved in peritoneal dissemination of gastric cancers and Reg IV would be a potential novel marker for peritoneal dissemination of gastric cancers.
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PMID:[Analysis of Reg IV expression in peritoneal dissemination of gastric cancer using real-time RT-PCR]. 1631 15

Although the biologic function of Reg IV is poorly understood, it has been reported that Reg IV is a potent activator of the epidermal growth factor receptor/Akt/AP-1 signaling pathway in colon cancer cells and closely linked with the inhibition of apoptosis. To clarify the role of Reg IV in gastric carcinogenesis and subsequent progression, we examined its expression by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization on tissue microarray containing gastric carcinoma, adjacent nonneoplastic mucosa, adenoma, intestinal metaplasia, or gastritis. Gastric carcinoma cell lines (MKN28, AGS, MKN45, KATO-III, and HGC-27) were studied for Reg IV expression by Western blot and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction followed by sequencing. Frozen samples of gastric carcinoma and adjacent nonneoplastic mucosa were subjected to Western blot, and patient serum, to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Reg IV. Gastric carcinoma cell lines showed different levels of Reg IV mRNA and its encoding protein. The Reg IV protein expression was gradually decreased from intestinal metaplasia, adenoma, and carcinoma to gastritis (P < .05). The positive rate of its mRNA was higher in intestinal metaplasia than carcinoma or nonneoplastic mucosa (P < .05). Elevated serum Reg IV level in gastric carcinoma patients was detected in comparison with that in health individuals (P < .05). Reg IV expression was significantly correlated with the MUC-2 and MUC-5AC expression (P < .05). Among histologic subtypes of the World Health Organization, signet ring cell carcinoma more frequently expressed Reg IV than the others (P < .05), whereas it is the converse for the poorly differentiated group (P < .05). Our study indicated that Reg IV expression experienced up-regulation in gastric intestinal metaplasia and adenoma and then down-regulation with malignant transformation of gastric epithelial cells. It was suggested that Reg IV expression should be considered as a good biomarker for gastric precancerous lesions and was especially related to the histogenic pathway of signet ring cell carcinoma.
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PMID:The role of Reg IV gene and its encoding product in gastric carcinogenesis. 1974 May 14