Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.7.49 (reverse transcriptase)
 31,746 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Expression of the interleukin-2 receptor alpha-(IL-2Ralpha-), IL-2Rbeta-, and the recently identified IL-2Rgamma-chain was examined on a wide range of cells of myeloid origin including neutrophils, monocytes, normal bone marrow-derived myeloid progenitors enriched for CD34+ cells, bone marrow blasts obtained from acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) patients, and permanent myeloid leukemia cell lines by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and surface membrane analysis using receptor chain-specific monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry. Expression of the p75 IL-2Rbeta- and the p64 IL-2Rgamma-chain was a common finding in most of the myeloid cell samples investigated, whereas IL-2Ralpha-chain was less frequently expressed. Although the high-affinity IL-2R form (ie, the alpha+, beta+, gamma+ IL-2R form) was detectable in a small minority of primary AML samples as well as the KG-1 cell line and IL-2 binding to these cells was sufficient to initiate signal transduction as evidenced by an increase in overall protein tyrosine phosphorylation and more specifically in tyrosine phosphorylation of the Janus kinase (JAK) 3, in none of these cell types did exposure to IL-2 affect cell growth kinetics. These results suggest that, in myeloid cells, the IL-2R may not stimulate mitogenic responses or that its components may be expressed in a combinational association with receptors for other cytokines and that IL-2Rgamma may play a regulatory role in normal and malignant myelopoiesis possibly independent from IL-2. Because recent studies by others have indicated that the IL-2Rgamma- chain may be shared by the IL-4R, the IL-7R, and most likely the IL-9R, expression of mRNA of these receptor types was also investigated in these cell samples. Surprisingly, in a substantial part of the myeloid lineage cells examined, an IL-2Rgamma+, IL-4R-, IL7R- configuration was noted that was, however, frequently associated with expression of IL-9R. Sharing of IL-9R/IL-2R components was furthermore suggested by inhibition of 125I-IL-2 binding to primary AML cells with excess of unlabeled IL-9.
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PMID:Transcript synthesis and surface expression of the interleukin-2 receptor (alpha-, beta-, and gamma-chain) by normal and malignant myeloid cells. 863 Apr 6

We constructed a retroviral vector, pLhIL-9RSN, containing CDNA encoding the human interleukin-9 receptor (IL-9R) along with a neomycin phosphotransferase gene (Neo). In order to study the biological effects of the IL-9R, high titer (1-5 x 10(5) CFU/ml) viral supernatant, generated from the packaging cell lines, ecotropic GPE86 and amphotropic PA317, was used to transduce the IL-9R gene into sorted populations of CD34++ CD33-cells from human cord blood which are highly enriched for erythroid progenitor cells (BFU-E). Colony formation by BFU-E transduced with the IL-9R gene and grown without selection in G418 and in the presence of erythropoietin (Epo) and interleukin (IL)-9 was significantly increased up to three-fold and the size of the erythroid colonies was significantly increased 50-100% compared to colony formation by mock virus transduced cells. Moreover, colony formation by IL-9R-transduced cells was more sensitive to stimulation with lower doses of IL-9 and Epo. Individual colonies formed with or without selection in G418 were evaluated. Proviral integration and mRNA expression were respectively assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcriptase (RT) PCR analysis and were apparent in 93% and 84% of the G418-resistant colonies and 52% and 48% of the colonies grown in the absence of G418. Our study demonstrates that a functional human IL-9R gene can be efficiently transduced into human cord blood hematopoietic progenitors using retroviral vectors with increased cytokine-dependent erythroid colony formation.
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PMID:Transduction of human interleukin-9 receptor gene into human cord blood erythroid progenitors increases the number of erythropoietin-dependent erythroid colonies. 897 79

A search for gene(s) associated with anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) activity of CD8+ T cells was attempted using molecular cloning and the relation between the anti-HIV activity of CD8+ T cells and the interleukin-9 receptor alpha chain (IL-9R-alpha) mRNA expression from the cDNA clones obtained was examined. The anti-HIV-1 activity of CD8+ T cell culture supernatants was assessed by measuring the level of HIV-1 replication of a CD4+ T cell line transfected with an infectious HIV-1 DNA clone. IL-9R-alpha mRNA was assayed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Of 5 cases showing high level of anti-HIV-1 activity (more than 80% suppression of HIV-1 replication), the mRNA was detected in 4 cases. Of 10 cases showing low level of anti-HIV-1 activity (less than 80% suppression of HIV-1 replication), the mRNA was detected in one case. Soluble recombinant human IL-9 receptor (rhIL-9sR) did not suppress HIV-1 replication at a concentration of 1 microgram/ml. These data suggest that the IL-9R-alpha mRNA formation in CD8+ T cells may correlate with and play some role in the anti-HIV-1 activity of CD8+ T cells from HIV-1-infected individuals.
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PMID:Interleukin-9 receptor alpha chain mRNA formation in CD8+ T cells producing anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 substance(s). 964 43

We have previously reported that in adult mouse bone marrow, CD34low/- c-kit+ Sca-1+ lineage markers negative (Lin-) (CD34-KSL) cells represent hematopoietic stem cells with long-term marrow repopulating ability whereas CD34+ c-kit+ Sca-1+ Lin- (CD34+KSL) cells are progenitors with short-term reconstitution capacity. To further characterize cells in those two populations, relative expression of various genes were examined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In CD34-KSL cells, none of the genes studied was found to be expressed with the exception of GATA-2, IL-1R alpha, IL-2R gamma, AIC-2B, c-kit, EPO-R, and c-mpl. In contrast, expression of GATA-1 and all cytokine receptor genes examined except IL-2R beta, IL-7R alpha and IL-9R alpha were found in CD34+KSL. The difference between these two populations was also shown in single cell culture analysis of these cells. When cells were clone-sorted and cultured in the presence of SCF, IL-3 and EPO, CD34-KSL cells required much more time to undergo the first cell division than CD34+KSL cells. Dormancy and random fashion of cell division by CD34-KSL cells were also evident by the analysis of the second cell division, which was found to be delayed and unsynchronous compared with CD34+KSL cells. Clonal culture analysis showed that CD34-KSL cells were more potent in proliferation and multilineage differentiation capacities than CD34+KSL cells. In a paired-daughter cell experiment, 75% of CD34-KSL and 50% of CD34+KSL paired-daughter-derived colonies were nonidentical with wide variety of lineage combinations. Taken together, these data support our previous notion that CD34-KSL cells are at higher rank in hematopoietic hierarchy than CD34+KSL cells. In addition, our results using highly enriched stem cell population directly obtained from mouse bone marrow support the proposed stochastic nature of lineage commitment.
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PMID:Further characterization of CD34-low/negative mouse hematopoietic stem cells. 1037 11

Interleukin-9 (IL-9) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic disorders. To examine the interaction between IL-9 and eosinophils, we evaluated mature peripheral blood eosinophils for their expression of the specific alpha-subunit of the IL-9 receptor (IL-9R-alpha). The expression of IL-9R-alpha by human eosinophils was detected at the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), flow cytometry, and immunocytochemical analysis, respectively. Functional analyses demonstrated that recombinant human (rh)IL-9 inhibited in vitro peripheral blood human eosinophil apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. We then examined the role of IL-9 in eosinophil differentiation using the human cord blood CD34(+) cells and human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60). The addition of IL-9 to CD34(+) cells cultured in IL-3 and IL-5 enhanced eosinophil development, and IL-9 alone induced the expression of IL-5R-alpha. IL-9 also up-regulated the IL-5R-alpha chain cell surface expression during terminal eosinophil differentiation of the HL-60 cell line. Our findings suggest that IL-9 may potentiate in vivo eosinophil function by increasing their survival and IL-5-mediated differentiation and maturation. Taken together, these results suggest a mechanism by which IL-9 potentiates airway and tissue eosinophilia.
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PMID:Interleukin-9 enhances interleukin-5 receptor expression, differentiation, and survival of human eosinophils. 1097 62

Growing evidence obtained from human genomic analysis and antigen-challenged transgenic mice suggests that interleukin-9 (IL-9) is a candidate factor in immunoglobulin E (IgE) production and thus is thought to be associated with bronchial inflammation and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR). To evaluate the expression of the IL-9 receptor and its effect on the IL-9 human bronchial cell line BEAS-2B cells, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunohistochemical investigation, and chemotaxis assay were performed. The components of the IL-9 receptor, consisting of IL-9 receptor alpha (CD129) and IL-2 receptory ((1)132), were expressed on BEAS-2B cells as determined by RT-PCR and flow cytometry. BEAS-2B cells exposed to IL-9 released neutrophil chemotactic activity (NCA) in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and the presence of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) was also detected. This factor is primarily involved in NCA for the measurement of cytokines and in the inhibition assay of neutrophil chemotaxis. These findings suggest that bronchial epithelial cells may express IL-9 receptors, and that IL-9 may induce airway inflammation through the release of G-CSF from bronchial epithelial cells.
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PMID:Human bronchial epithelium expresses interleukin-9 receptors and releases neutrophil chemotactic factor. 1186 23