Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.7.49 (reverse transcriptase)
 31,746 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) are morphologically and genetically heterogeneous tumors and present diverse clinical courses. We developed a scoring system using levels of gene expression to predict the outcome for clear cell RCC patients. We selected differentially expressed genes from the DNA microarray data of 27 clear cell RCCs; 16 were metastasis phenotypes and 11 were not. We compared the selected gene set with previously published data and identified 33 overlapping genes closely associated with patient outcome. We selected the 12 top-ranked genes and confirmed the level of expression using quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR. Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that 3 genes-vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1), endothelin receptor type B (EDNRB), and regulator of G-protein signaling 5 (RGS5)-were the most tightly associated with cancer-specific survival and that higher expression of the 3 genes correlated with better outcome. A formula for an outcome predictor was generated from integration of the measurements of the expression levels of the 3 genes. Multivariate Cox models combined with a split-sample cross-validation method in a cohort of 386 clear cell RCC patients demonstrated that the derived score for outcome prediction was an independent predictor in cancer-specific survival tests. The accuracy of the prediction of cancer death after nephrectomy was improved by the inclusion of this score in receiver operating characteristic analysis from multivariate logistic regression models, suggesting that a scoring system based on the expression levels of these 3 genes is useful in the prediction of survival for patients with clear cell RCC.
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PMID:A three-gene expression signature model to predict clinical outcome of clear cell renal carcinoma. 1854 73

The purpose of the study was to determine and compare the expression of endothelin (ET) receptors in the peripheral lungs of healthy horses and those affected with recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), real-time PCR, Western blot analysis, and immunohistochemical techniques. Two groups of horses (7 healthy and 7 RAO-affected) were selected from a pool of horses destined for euthanasia. The grouping of horses was based on the history, clinical scoring, and pulmonary function testing. After euthanasia, gross postmortem evaluation of the lungs was conducted, and lung samples were collected and either stored at -80 degrees C or fixed in zinc-formalin for 12 h. The RT-PCR was performed by using specific primers for ETA and ETB receptors, and beta-actin. To determine the relative gene expression real-time PCR was performed. To detect ET receptor protein expression, Western blotting and immunohistochemical studies were performed using polyclonal antibodies against ETA and ETB receptors and beta-actin. The ET receptor expression was determined by performing either densitometric analyses or scoring of immunostaining. Statistical analyses were performed to detect differences in receptor expression within and between the 2 groups. The results indicated that ET receptor expression, particularly ETB receptors, was significantly greater in the peripheral lungs of RAO-affected horses than in those of healthy horses. Clinical trials using ET receptor antagonists, particularly ETB antagonists might help in developing a therapeutic strategy to treat this career-ending disease.
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PMID:Characterization of endothelin receptors in the peripheral lung tissues of horses unaffected and affected with recurrent airway obstruction. 1878 23

Endothelin (ET)-1 is a potent vasoconstrictor peptide involved in the derangement of respiratory mechanics during endotoxic shock. We measured the kinetics of pulmonary mRNA expression of the key components of the ET system [i.e., ET-1, ET-converting enzyme (ECE), and ETA and ETB receptors] by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in a swine model of endotoxic shock (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 h of continuous LPS infusion at 40 microg/kg/hour; sham group, 4 hour saline infusion). A significant increase in mRNA expression levels was observed for ET-1 in LPS-treated piglets; the increase began as early as 1 hour. In contrast, no significant variations were observed for the ECE, ETA, or ETB genes. Small gene expression differences observed with respect to our previous results suggest a possible effect of the anesthesia or surgical protocol on ET system regulation.
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PMID:Pulmonary kinetic expression of the endothelin system in a swine model of endotoxic shock. 2043 71


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