Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.7.49 (reverse transcriptase)
 31,746 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Topical glucocorticoid (GC) is commonly applied in atopic dermatitis treatment. However, the chronic use of GC may be associated with significant side effects. In this study, we investigated whether long-term epicutaneous application of GC modulates scratching behaviour in dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) contact-sensitized mice. After challenge with DNFB, scratching behaviour was increased in DNFB-sensitized mice treated with GC in contrast to control mice. In addition, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that the expression of preprotachykinin-A (PPT-A) mRNA, a precursor of substance P (SP), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA in mice, to which GC was applied, was only observed. In order to evaluate the factors responsible for the augmented scratching behaviour, we injected various cytokines (interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha), IL-2, IL-3 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)) subcutaneously into the ear of DNFB contact-sensitized mice before DNFB challenge. Among the cytokines, only IL-3 and TNF-alpha significantly increased scratching behaviour in DNFB contact dermatitis mice. Furthermore, PPT-A mRNA was only expressed in mice pre-injected with IL-3 before challenge, but not in those pre-injected with other cytokines. Taken together, our results suggest that topical GC may augment the itching sensation in DNFB-sensitized mice through modulation of iNOS and SP induced by IL-3.
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PMID:Topical glucocorticoid augments scratching behaviour in dinitrofluorobenzene-sensitized mice by the induction of substance P. 1556 Jul 62

The human basophilic cell line KU812 that is an established tool for studying the function of human basophils, is differentiated into mature basophils by interleukin (IL-3) or other agents. However, whether leukotrienes (LTs)-synthesis is affected by cytokines in KU812 cells remains unknown. KU812 cells were incubated with IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, IL-13 or IL-18 for up to 14 days. The A23187 stimulated- and IgE cross-linked-synthesis of LTC(4) and LTB(4) were measured using an enzyme immunoassay (EIA). The expression of messenger RNA (mRNA) for LT-synthesizing enzymes was examined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and the expression of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) was examined by immunostaining. Incubation with IL-3 (10 ng/ml) and IL-18 (10 ng/ml) induced the expression of 5-LO. A23187stimulated LT-synthesis and IgE cross-linked LT-synthesis were enhanced after incubation with IL-3 or IL-18. These results indicated that IL-3 and IL-18 primed human basophils for higher LT-synthesis. Thus, both IL-3 and IL-18 might be important factors for regulating LT-synthesis during the differentiation of human basophils.
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PMID:Interleukin-18 primes human basophilic KU812 cells for higher leukotriene synthesis. 1628 Feb 46

Renal scarring is a serious complication of chronic pyelonephritis that occurs due to vesicoureteral reflux. In our study, we performed global expression profiling of the kidney during renal scarring formation in a rat pyelonephritis model. An inoculum of Escherichia coli was injected directly into the renal cortex. Histologically, renal scarring developed during the 3-to-4 week period after injection. The time-course expression profile of 18,442 genes was then analyzed using microarrays, followed by validation with real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Most of the genes found to be up-regulated during renal scarring are associated with immune and defense responses, including cytokines, chemokines and their receptors, complement factors, adhesion molecules and extracellular matrix proteins. These genes were up-regulated as early as 1 week after injection, when no fibrotic changes were yet evident, peaked at 2 weeks, and gradually decreased thereafter. However, a subset of cytokine genes was found to be persistently activated even at 6 weeks after injection, including interleukin (IL)-1beta, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, and IL-3. Further statistical analysis indicated that the pathways mediated by these cytokines are activated concomitantly with renal scarring formation. The products of these genes may thus potentially be novel non-invasive diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers of renal scarring.
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PMID:Global gene expression profiling of renal scarring in a rat model of pyelonephritis. 1821 47

Full-length cDNA (435 bp) of the interleukin-3(IL-3) gene of the Indian water buffalo was amplified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. This sequence had 96% nucleotide identity and 92% amino acid identity with bovine IL-3. There are 10 amino acid substitutions in buffalo compared with that of bovine. The amino acid sequence of buffalo IL-3 also showed very high identity with that of other ruminants, indicating functional cross-reactivity. Structural homology modelling of buffalo IL-3 protein with human IL-3 showed the presence of five helical structures.
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PMID:Cloning and sequencing of Indian water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) interleukin-3 cDNA. 2215 58


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