Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

---

Query: EC:2.7.7.49 (reverse transcriptase)
31,746 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

At present the involvement of cardiac valve interstitial cells (VICs) in growth, repair, and tissue engineering is understudied. Therefore, this study aims at characterizing ovine VICs in order to provide a solid base for tissue engineering of heart valves. Ovine ICs of the four heart valves were isolated by the explant outgrowth method and expanded in vitro up to passage 5. Vimentin and collagen I gene expression from freshly isolated or cultured ICs was measured by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Immunocytochemical stainings of vimentin, alpha-smooth muscle actin (ASMA), smooth muscle myosin, and procollagen I were performed on aortic VICs. In addition, migration and extracellular matrix deposition were studied in vitro in aortic VICs. ICs show stable vimentin and collagen I expression in culture. Expression is approximately doubled in cultured ICs compared with fresh isolates. More than 95% of ICs in each passage stain for vimentin and procollagen I. Freshly isolated ICs are ASMA and myosin negative, but ICs in culture partially stain for these contractile markers. ICs have stable matrix production for up to five passages, associated with stable migration of the cells. We conclude that ovine valve interstitial cells undergo phenotypic modulation to activated myofibroblasts under culture conditions but retain stable matrix production.
...
PMID:Molecular and functional characterization of ovine cardiac valve-derived interstitial cells in primary isolates and cultures. 1558 97

Ochratoxin A (OTA), a mycotoxin and widespread food contaminant, is known for its patent nephrotoxicity and potential neurotoxicity. Previous observations in vitro showed that in the CNS, glial cells were particularly sensitive to OTA. In the search for the molecular mechanisms underlying OTA neurotoxicity, we investigated the relationship between OTA toxicity and glial reactivity, in serum-free aggregating brain cell cultures. Using quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction to analyze changes in gene expression, we found that in astrocytes, non cytotoxic concentrations of OTA down-regulated glial fibrillary acidic protein, while it up-regulated vimentin and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma expression. OTA also up-regulated the inducible nitric oxide synthase and the heme oxygenase-1. These OTA-induced alterations in gene expression were more pronounced in cultures at an advanced stage of maturation. The natural peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligand, 15-deoxy-delta(12,14) prostaglandin J2, and the cyclic AMP analog, bromo cyclic AMP, significantly attenuated the strong induction of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and inducible nitric oxide synthase, while they partially reversed the inhibitory effect of OTA on glial fibrillary acidic protein. The present results show that OTA affects the cytoskeletal integrity of astrocytes as well as the expression of genes pertaining to the brain inflammatory response system, and suggest that a relationship exists between the inflammatory events and the cytoskeletal changes induced by OTA. Furthermore, these results suggest that, by inducing an atypical glial reactivity, OTA may severely affect the neuroprotective capacity of glial cells.
...
PMID:Unusual astrocyte reactivity caused by the food mycotoxin ochratoxin A in aggregating rat brain cell cultures. 1599 20

Extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma (EES) is a rare soft tissue tumor morphologically indistinguishable from the more common Ewing's sarcoma of bone. We report a case of EES arising in the hard palate of 34-yr-old male patient. Microscopically, the monotonous small round cells without neuronal differentiation showed membranous positive immunoreactivity for MIC2/CD99 and vimentin. Ultrastructurally, the tumor cells showed a few intracytoplasmic organelles without evidence of neurosecretory granules or neurofilaments. The EWS-FLI1 chimeric gene was identified using the nested reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.
...
PMID:Extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma of the hard palate. 1610 Apr 68

Earlier studies had shown that long term treatment with estradiol arrests spermatogenesis in adult male rats, at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg/day. The present study was therefore undertaken to ascertain the causes underlying the reduction in sperm counts by administering estradiol for a short term, at the dose of 0.1 mg/kg/day. Estradiol valerate was injected at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg/day, for a period of 10 days to one group of adult male rats, which were administered saline for 12 days prior to estradiol injection, and sacrificed after 22 days. The control group was administered saline for 22 days. The sera were analyzed for testosterone and FSH levels. One testis of each male was immersion fixed for histology, and for immunohistochemistry of two testicular cytoskeletal proteins, vimentin and vinculin. The contralateral testes were used for analysis of vimentin and vinculin gene expression by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) and western blotting. Another group exposed to estradiol for 10 days was injected with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day, to ascertain the effect on germ cell proliferation, and sacrificed 12 days later, while estradiol treatment was continued till sacrifice. BrdU, at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day was injected i.p. to a group of control rats treated with saline for 10 days, and sacrificed 12 days later. The testes from both groups were immersion fixed for immunohistochemical detection of BrdU. Histology of estradiol treated testis showed predominance of tubules with round spermatids with accumulation of lipid droplets in Sertoli cell cytoplasm and decreased cell height, whereas controls showed elongating spermatids. BrdU immunolocalization in the testis, irrespective of treatment, indicated its incorporation in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) suggesting that estradiol sustained germ cell proliferation. Both vimentin and vinculin could be immunolocalized to the testis. The testicular levels of vimentin and vinculin, quantified after western blotting, were unaffected. The testicular expression of vimentin and vinculin seen by RTPCR was also unaffected. The study suggested that estradiol induced reduction in sperm counts was not due to adverse effects on proliferation. The observed predominance of seminiferous tubules showing round spermatids, accumulation of lipid droplets as compared to controls suggested that reduction in elongated spermatids occurred through reduced spermiation and phagocytosis. The study also suggested that reduction in Sertoli cell height after short-term estradiol treatment was not due to reduced expression of vimentin and vinculin, which could be maintained by estradiol. However, reduction in Sertoli cell height could have been due to suppression of FSH and testosterone, implicated in the polymerization of vimentin and organization of vinculin, two cytoskeletal proteins involved in inter-Sertoli or Sertoli-germ cell junctions. The study suggested that disorganization of Sertoli cell cytoskeleton and reduction in the volume of Sertoli cells could be an important factor for reduced efficiency of spermatogenesis after exposure to estrogenic molecules.
...
PMID:Effect of estradiol on expression of cytoskeletal proteins during spermatogenesis in testis of sexually mature rats. 1631 69

To identify genes potentially involved in remodelling synaptic connections, we induced the temporary detachment of pre- and post-synaptic elements by axotomy or denervation of rat superior cervical ganglion neurons. cDNA microarray analysis followed by stringent selection criteria allowed the identification of a panel of genes whose expression was modulated by axotomy at various time points after injury. Among these genes, 11 were validated by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction on independently prepared samples after superior cervical ganglion neuron axotomy (1, 3 and 6 days) and compared with the effect of decentralization (8 h, 1 and 3 days). These genes code for extracellular matrix/space [apolipoprotein D (apoD), decorin, collagen alpha1 type I, collagen alpha1 type III] and intermediate filament (vimentin) proteins, for modulators of neurite outgrowth (thrombin receptor, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, bone morphogenetic protein 4, annexin II and S-100-related protein, clone 42C) and for a nerve cell transcription factor (brain finger protein). Eight of these 11 genes showed significant and persistent modulations after both types of injury. Finally, protein levels of apoD were shown to increase in superior cervical ganglion after axotomy. Our results identify hitherto unrecorded genes responsive to axotomy and decentralization of superior cervical ganglion neurons, and probably involved in synapse formation, remodelling and elimination.
...
PMID:Gene expression pathways induced by axotomy and decentralization of rat superior cervical ganglion neurons. 1642 Apr 16

A 45 -year-old woman presented chest pain and a well-defined oval shaped mass on a chest radiograph. A malignant pulmonary tumor was suspected and a right pneumonectomy was performed. The tumor measured about 13 x 12 cm, was pale-yellow in color and soft in texture. Histologically, it had round to oval and spindle-shaped cells with minimal cytoplasm, hyperchromatic nuclei, inconspicuous mitoses and only slight fibrous stroma. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for vimentin, CD 99, BCL-2 protein and EMA. The reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), using RNA extracted from fresh-frozen tissue, demonstrated SYT/SSX-2 fusion transcripts, confirming the diagnosis of synovial sarcoma.
...
PMID:Primary synovial sarcoma of the lung. 1677 40

A 7-year-old girl was hospitalized because of a tumorous mass in her left periorbital region. The tumor was removed by local excision. The soft-part tumor recurred in the parotid gland region 4 months later, and a second recurrence was noted on the left side of the neck 3 years and 3 months thereafter. The patient had not received chemotherapy or local irradiation. Histological and immunohistochemical examinations of the recurrent masses revealed morphological characteristics of small cell proliferation with desmoplastic stroma that were similar to those of the initial tumor. The cellular components showed immunoreactivity for desmin, cytokeratin, vimentin, and epithelial membrane antigen in part, but the cells were negative for myogenin, CD99, and neuron-specific enolase. These findings suggested a diagnosis of desmoplastic small cell tumor, despite its extra-abdominal location. The histological diagnosis was confirmed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, which demonstrated an EWS-WT1 chimeric fusion gene. An in-frame fusion of EWS exon 9 and WT1 exon 8 was subsequently identified by cloning and sequencing. The chimeric fusion gene might be related to the tissue-specific phenotype of desmoplastic small cell tumors, although further investigation of this speculation is necessary.
...
PMID:Desmoplastic small cell tumor of soft tissue: molecular variant of EWS-WT1 chimeric fusion. 1693 Mar 35

Acute kidney injury is followed by regeneration of damaged renal tubular epithelial cells. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that renal stem cells exist in the adult kidney and participate in the repair process. A unique population of cells that behave in a manner that is consistent with a renal stem cell were isolated from rat kidneys and were termed multipotent renal progenitor cells (MRPC). Features of these cells include spindle-shaped morphology; self-renewal for >200 population doublings without evidence for senescence; normal karyotype and DNA analysis; and expression of vimentin, CD90 (thy1.1), Pax-2, and Oct4 but not cytokeratin, MHC class I or II, or other markers of more differentiated cells. MRPC exhibit plasticity that is demonstrated by the ability of the cells to be induced to express endothelial, hepatocyte, and neural markers by reverse transcriptase-PCR and immunohistochemistry. The cells can differentiate into renal tubules when injected under the capsule of an uninjured kidney or intra-arterially after renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Oct4 expression was seen in some tubular cells in the adult kidney, suggesting these cells may be candidate renal stem cells. It is proposed that MRPC participate in the regenerative response of the kidney to acute injury.
...
PMID:Isolation and characterization of kidney-derived stem cells. 1698 61

Primary malignant melanoma originating in the digestive tract is extremely rare. A case of primary malignant melanoma in the descending colon is described. The tumor was an elevated mass with surface necrosis. Histologically, tumor cells were arranged with compact nests surrounded by fibrous stroma. The tumor cells had pleomorphic nuclei and rich cytoplasm. In some areas, cells of signet ring-like appearance were found. An immunohistochemical examination showed that most of the tumor cells were positive for S-100 protein, HMB-45, melan-A, vimentin and CD38. Ultrastructural examination confirmed some premelanosomes. EWS-ATF-1 fusion transcript, which is usually detected in clear cell sarcoma, was not demonstrated on reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Because there was no evidence of either cutaneous or ocular primary melanoma, the tumor was thus diagnosed as primary colonic malignant melanoma. The patient has remained free of recurrent disease for 3 years after a surgical resection. Colonic malignant melanoma must be differentiated from other intestinal tumor, and the possibility of metastasis from another more common primary site must be ruled out.
...
PMID:Primary colonic malignant melanoma. 1709 32

Bradykinin and its kinin B(2) receptor are autocrine and paracrine mediators in foetal membranes and decidua. As a first step we characterized the intracellular morphology of decidual cells. Cultured decidua tissue-derived cells immunolabel for vimentin fibrils, and are considered to be of mesenchymal origin. They show characteristics of macrophages and can be distinguished from endothelial cells and cells of the trophoblast lineage. These cellular features were determined by means of immunocytochemistry. Furthermore cultured decidua tissue-derived cells express kinin B(2) receptors and in this context we demonstrated its expression at mRNA level by in situ reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Following stimulation with bacterial lipopolysaccharide, we have observed a marginal upregulation of the expression of kinin B(1) receptors and carboxypeptidase M by quantitative RT-PCR. Equilibrium binding experiments with [(3)H]des-Arg(10)-kallidin, the kinin B(1) receptor agonist, did not result in detectable binding sites.
...
PMID:Kinin receptors in stimulated and characterized decidua tissue-derived cells. 1716 23


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Next >>

---