Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.7.7.49 (reverse transcriptase)
31,746 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted accelerated approval to nevirapine (Viramune) on June 24, 1996. Nevirapine is the first of another new class of anti-HIV drugs, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, to receive approval. Studies have shown viral load drops of 95 percent or more, but the participants in the study were limited to those who had never used antiretroviral therapy before. The drug must be taken in combination with nucleoside analogues, as resistance to nevirapine monotherapy develops in two weeks.
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PMID:Nevirapine approval expands combo possibilities--and HIV suppression. 1136 91

Now available in pharmacies, the first of a new class of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) has been licensed. Nevirapine (marketed as Viramune) is different from nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors because it binds at a different location on the HIV-1 virus and at a different point in the reproduction process in its effort to block HIV replication. Also, HIV-1 mutant strains, which become resistant to other drugs, have remained sensitive to nevirapine. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Antiviral Drugs Advisory Committee recommended that nevirapine be used only in combination therapy, but did not complicate the label by stating whether to include one or two additional drugs. They recommended approval for both treatment-naive and experienced individuals. Although suppression of viral replication is modest, the NNRTIs appear to penetrate the central nervous system and offer an alternative for people either intolerant of or resistant to the currently available nucleoside analogs. A major side effect of the drug is the development of a severe rash. The manufacturer, Boehringer Ingelheim, has promised to issue a booklet on how to manage a nevirapine-related rash. Individuals interested in the patient assistance program may call Boehringer Ingelheim for more information.
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PMID:Nevirapine, the first of a new class of NNRTI drugs arrives in pharmacies. 1136 27

Nevirapine, the ninth approved anti-HIV drug, is the first of a new class of pharmaceuticals developed for HIV treatment. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), nevirapine targets the same HIV enzyme as AZT, ddI, ddC, d4T and 3TC. A three-drug treatment including AZT and ddI was shown to be significantly better than an AZT/ddI combination in patients who had received no prior treatment. The drug has a long half-life, which means that it can be administered less often.
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PMID:Nevirapine approved by FDA. Food and Drug Administration. 1136 18

Phase III data show that efavirenz (Sustiva, formerly DMP-266) is effective in suppressing viral load when used in combination with other treatments. A head-to-head comparison trial in volunteers with little or no previous antiretroviral experience shows that efavirenz may suppress viral load as well as Indinavir (Crixivan). Efavirenz is an experimental non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), and widespread consensus seems to accept it as a valid treatment for AIDS. The most noteworthy trial result showed that using it in combination with AZT plus 3TC suppressed viral load to below 400 copies in a significant number of volunteers, with few patients dropping out. Viral load remains low at 72 weeks, but not much information is available on those patients who were more heavily pre-treated. Other combinations also appear effective. DuPont Pharmaceuticals, the manufacturer, says common side effects include rash, nausea, diarrhea, headache, and insomnia, and cautions against widespread use in pregnant women. Efavirenz is unlikely to work in patients who have developed resistance to either Nevirapine or Delavirdine, two other NNRTI drugs.
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PMID:Efavirenz (Sustiva) may equal or exceed protease inhibitor in initial antiretroviral combination. 1136 99

Efavirenz (Sustiva), a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) developed by DuPont Pharmaceuticals, was approved by the Food and Drug Administration. DuPont has promoted the once-daily efavirenz as being as equally effective as a protease inhibitor, and has priced it accordingly. The results from Study 006, the central trial for efavirenz, reported high antiviral activity, but had a significant dropout rate. This made it difficult to extrapolate the findings for those individuals remaining. The results of other key studies, such as Study 020 and ACTG 364, are discussed. Efavirenz is most effective when combined with protease inhibitors or nucleoside analogs. Some of the side effects of efavirenz are higher cholesterol levels, dizziness, and skin rashes. The possibility of birth defects has prompted DuPont to advise patients to use two types of birth control while taking efavirenz. A contact number is provided for physicians to register pregnant patients for follow-up if they have been exposed to efavirenz. Other protease-sparing options besides efavirenz are discussed, such as Nevirapine and Delavirdine.
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PMID:Another expensive drug for your cocktail. 1136 6

Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) are a class of antiretrovirals that are effective in suppressing viral activity when used in combination with other antiretroviral agents. Nevirapine, Delavirdine, and efavirenz are all NNRTIs approved by the Food and Drug Administration. Researchers found that there is high cross resistance within NNRTIs, but cross resistance to drugs in other classes remains small. Studies indicate that treatment with protease inhibitors is possible after treatment failure with NNRTIs. Nevirapine was shown to be most effective in trials with triple combination regimens. Other studies looking at the effectiveness of Nevirapine are discussed. Delavirdine, taken three times a day, showed favorable results in triple combination therapy, and is considered a good option for primary therapy. Trials employing different levels of Delavirdine and protease inhibitors are reviewed, as is the use of Delavirdine and other NNRTIs in salvage therapy.
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PMID:NNRTIs: a neglected class. 1136 7

Salvage therapies are treatments that are implemented for people who have been unable to suppress viral loads below the limit of quantification using one or more protease inhibitor- containing regimens. Results of a small study showed that 20 people raised their antiviral activity by adding Nevirapine, a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, to triple combination therapy. Results of the 20-week study are presented. The effects of switching to a regimen that introduced two potent antiviral drugs were shown to be more significant than changing to a regimen that included two protease inhibitors. Greater decreases in HIV levels were seen in participants who, prior to the start of the study, showed lower phenotypic resistance to the drugs that were going to be used in the study.
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PMID:Salvage therapy studies. 1136 50

Nevirapine, a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, is related to Delavirdine and efavirenz, and was given a conditional Notice of Compliance by Canada's Health Protection Branch. This conditional approval requires that additional data from continuing studies be submitted by the drug manufacturer, Boehringer Ingelheim. Participants in the expanded access program will receive Nevirapine through the end of the year.
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PMID:Nevirapine receives green light from Health Protection Branch. 1136 78

Recent progress in treatment methods and medicines has made HIV more manageable. Factors contributing to this progress include advances in testing; the use and approval of protease inhibitors, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and other nucleosides; and the success of highly active antiretroviral regimens (HAART) and combination therapy. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, such as Zidovudine and Didanosine, and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) such as Nevirapine (Viramune) and Delavirdine (Rescriptor), are recommended for use in combination therapy. The pharmacology, side effects, and contraindications of these types of drugs are provided. Dosages and common side effects are also mentioned.
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PMID:Understanding the reverse transcriptase inhibitors in HIV. 1136 42

The Food and Drug Administration recently approved efavirenz (Sustiva), a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), for use in treatment of adults and children. When used in combination therapy, efavirenz has shown to be very effective in suppressing viral loads for a minimum of 24 weeks. People taking efavirenz should be aware of potential cross-resistance with the other two approved NNRTIs, Nevirapine and Delavirdine, as well as possible drug interactions. Common side effects and dosing information are described. Because of the high cost, efavirenz may not be covered under some States' AIDS Drug Assistance Programs (ADAPs). The Access Project can provide the numbers of State ADAP coordinators for further information, or individuals may contact Dupont Pharma's Patient Assistance Program at the number provided.
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PMID:Efavirenz (Sustiva) receives FDA approval. Food and Drug Administration. 1136 87


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