Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.7.49 (reverse transcriptase)
 31,746 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Three chondroitin sulphates and five chondroitin polysulphates, with molecular weights ranging from 3000 to 30,000 daltons, were evaluated applying the MT-4 cell-culture assay for inhibition of HIV-1 replication. These results were compared with those obtained with compounds of known in vitro antiretroviral activity, namely, dermatan sulphate, heparin, dextran sulphate, pentosan polysulphate, zidovudine (AZT) and suramin. Chondroitin polysulphate with a molecular weight (MW) of 9000 daltons (CPS 9000) was the most effective polyanionic compound studied. In contrast with zidovudine, this CPS 9000 was not toxic for MT-4 cells up to a concentration of 500 micrograms/ml. Moreover, CPS 9000 is highly specific for inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
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PMID:In vitro anti-HIV-1 activity of chondroitin polysulphate. 247 44

A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms that underlie hepatic differentiation inside a bioartificial liver (BAL) device is obtained when functional, histological, and gene expression analyses can be combined. We therefore developed a novel cell-sampling technique that enabled us to analyze adherent hepatocytes inside a BAL device during a 5-day culture period, without the necessity of terminating the culture. Biochemical data showed that hepatocyte-specific functions were relatively stable, despite an increase in glycolytic activity. Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis of hepatic genes cytochrome p450 3A29, albumin, glutamine synthetase, alpha-1 antitrypsin, and carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase, but also de-differentiation marker pi-class glutathione S transferase showed stable messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels from day 1 to 5. In contrast, mRNA levels of alpha-fetoprotein, pro- and anti-apoptotic genes Bax-alpha and Bcl-X(L), metabolic genes lactate dehydrogenase and uncoupling protein 2, and cytoskeleton genes alpha- and beta-tubulin and beta-actin increased in 5 days. Histological analysis revealed viable tissue-like structures with adaptation to the in vitro environment. We conclude that hepatocytes show a tendency for de-differentiation shortly after seeding but thereafter remain acceptably differentiated during 5 days of culture. Furthermore, partly impaired mitochondrial function is suggestive for local hypoxic regions and may trigger the observed metabolic changes. Anti-apoptotic activity seems to balance pro-apoptotic activity. This new cell-sampling technique facilitates the analysis of dynamic processes of hepatocyte culture inside a BAL.
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PMID:Time-related analysis of metabolic liver functions, cellular morphology, and gene expression of hepatocytes cultured in the bioartificial liver of the Academic Medical Center in Amsterdam (AMC-BAL). 1751 23