Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.7.49 (reverse transcriptase)
 31,746 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Oenococcus oeni, the main species which induces malolactic fermentation in wine, uses arginine via the arginine deiminase (ADI) pathway. Using degenerated primers, two specific probes, one for ornithine transcarbamoylase (OTC) and the other for carbamate kinase (CK), were synthesized. These made it possible to clone and sequence a cluster containing genes encoding ADI (arcA), OTC (arcB) and CK (arcC). In addition, sequence analysis upstream of the arcA gene revealed the presence of an open reading frame (orf229) whose 3'-end was only 101 bp-distant from the start codon of the arcA gene and showed similarity with members of the FNR (regulation for fumarate and nitrate reduction) and CRP (cAMP receptor protein) family of transcriptional regulators. Moreover, a putative binding site for such regulators lies in the promoter region of the arcA gene. Induction of the arc cluster by arginine was studied first at the enzymatic level. The activities of the three enzymes strongly increased when cells were grown in the presence of the amino acid. In addition, the influence of arginine on gene transcription was monitored by RT-PCR (reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction). Expression of the three arc genes, and particularly that of arcA, was positively affected by arginine supplementation and thus confirmed the enzymatic results. Moreover, transcription of the putative CRP-like gene orf229 was also stimulated by arginine. These data suggest that the protein encoded by orf229 could be a CRP-like regulator involved in the metabolism of O. oeni.
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PMID:The arcABC gene cluster encoding the arginine deiminase pathway of Oenococcus oeni, and arginine induction of a CRP-like gene. 1160 85

Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is a zoonotic Gram-positive bacterium responsible for arthritis, meningitis, pneumonia and septicemia in swine and humans. Little information about the regulation of iron on its gene expression had been reported. In this study, 63 S. suis genes upregulated under an iron-restricted condition were identified using selective capture of transcribed sequences (SCUTS) technique: 23 genes involved in metabolism, 22 genes responsible for the replication and genetic information proceeding of the bacteria, eight genes relative to the construction of the cell wall, five ATP-binding cassette transporters, four transcriptional regulators and one uncharacterized gene conserved among streptococcal species. To adapt to the stress, S. suis modulated its physiological activities, which were validated by the upregulation of RelA (a crucial enzyme in stringent response), ArcA (a component of the arginine deiminase system catalyzing the conversion of arginine to ornithine) and CpdB (a cell surface protein that is a substrate of sortase A). All of them were reported to be virulence factors in S. suis or other bacteria. Besides, together with the results of quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR, we found that several homologous genes (fur, fhuGBDA operons) associated with iron uptake as reported in other bacteria were also upregulated under an iron-restricted condition in S. suis.
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PMID:Identification of Streptococcus suis genes preferentially expressed under iron starvation by selective capture of transcribed sequences. 1919 74

Giardia intestinalis is one of the major causes of parasite-induced diarrhea. The disease, giardiasis, is caused by trophozoites attaching to the intestinal epithelium, resulting in apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells, disrupted epithelial barrier function and malabsorption. Microarray studies have detected extensive gene expression changes in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) during interaction with Giardia trophozoites in vitro. In the present study, we examined this host-parasite interaction further by transcriptional profiling of interacting trophozoites using Giardia microarrays. A total of 200 Giardia transcripts were significantly changed due to the interaction, lasting up to 18 h in complete growth medium. Quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR confirmed the changes in all 12 genes tested using mRNA isolated in separate experiments. Genes encoding proteins previously suggested to be important during host-parasite interactions such as arginine deiminase, enolase and cysteine proteinases were up-regulated early but down-regulated later during the interaction. Cell division and attachment genes were down-regulated in the late time-points of interaction. The most highly up-regulated genes encode oxygen defense proteins and several members of the high cysteine membrane protein (HCMp) and Gly-rich repeat (GRREAT) families. Putative small RNAs were up-regulated, whereas the 5S rRNA was slightly down-regulated during the interaction with IECs. Thus, there are extensive gene expression changes in Giardia trophozoites and IECs during host-parasite interactions which can be important for establishment of infection and the induction of giardiasis.
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PMID:Transcriptional changes in Giardia during host-parasite interactions. 2107 36