Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.7.49 (reverse transcriptase)
 31,746 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Several N-(S)-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl) (HPMP) and N-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl) (PME) derivatives of purine bases (adenine, guanine, 2-aminoadenine, 3-deazaadenine) and cytosine inhibit the growth of various DNA viruses. PME-derivatives (PMEA, PMEG and PMEDAP) are also active against retroviruses. Both types of nucleotide analogues undergo phosphorylation by cellular nucleotide kinases to their mono- and diphosphates. The phosphorylation with crude extracts of L-1210 cells is potentiated by an ATP-regenerating system. HPMPA is phosphorylated faster than PMEA with or without the ATP-regenerating system. The HPMP and PME analogues inhibit several virus-encoded target enzymes and their cellular counterparts: (1) HSV-1 DNA polymerase is inhibited by the diphosphates of the PME series; the virus-encoded enzyme is more sensitive than HeLa DNA pol alpha and beta. PMEApp terminates the growing DNA chain; it specifically replaces dATP. HPMPApp also acts as an alternative substrate of dATP, but, in contrast with PMEApp, it permits limited chain growth. (2) Diphosphates of both series inhibit HSV-1 ribonucleotide reductase; the greatest inhibition of CDP reduction to dCDP is exhibited by HPMPApp and PMEApp. The enzyme isolated from a PMEA-resistant HSV-1 mutant proved less sensitive to PMEApp, hydroxyurea and HPMPApp. (3) Diphosphates of PME derivatives efficiently inhibit AMV(MAV) reverse transcriptase. (4) The purine HPMP and PME analogues and, even more so, their monophosphate derivatives inhibit purine nucleoside phosphorylase from L-1210 cells.
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PMID:Acyclic nucleotide analogues: synthesis, antiviral activity and inhibitory effects on some cellular and virus-encoded enzymes in vitro. 169 93

A new class of compounds, 9-[(2RS)-3-fluoro-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl] [(RS)-FPMP] derivatives of purines, is described that has selective activity against a broad spectrum of retroviruses [including human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and type 2 (HIV-2)] but not other RNA or DNA viruses. This activity spectrum is completely different from that of the parental compounds, 9-[(2S)-3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl] [(S)-HPMP] derivatives of purines, which are active against a broad range of DNA viruses. The racemic (RS)-FPMP derivatives of adenine and 2,6-diaminopurine, termed (RS)-FPMPA and (RS)-FPMPDAP, respectively, are markedly more selective as in vitro antiretroviral agents than their 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl) (PME) counterparts, PMEA and PMEDAP. Also, (RS)-FPMPA and (RS)-FPMPDAP have a substantially higher therapeutic index in mice in inhibiting Moloney murine sarcoma virus-induced tumor formation and associated death and are markedly less inhibitory to human bone marrow cells than PMEA and PMEDAP. The diphosphate derivative of (RS)-FPMPA [(RS)-FPMPApp] is a potent and selective inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase but not of HSV-1 DNA polymerase or DNA polymerase alpha. (RS)-FPMPApp, akin to PMEA diphosphate (PMEApp), acts as a DNA chain terminator. The DNA chain-terminating properties of PMEApp and (RS)-FPMPApp seem to be a prerequisite for acyclic nucleoside phosphonates to exhibit antiretrovirus (i.e., anti-HIV) activity.
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PMID:9-[(2RS)-3-fluoro-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl] derivatives of purines: a class of highly selective antiretroviral agents in vitro and in vivo. 171 Dec 14