Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.7.49 (reverse transcriptase)
 31,746 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The Ssk2p (MAPKKK) of Candida albicans was deleted and functions assigned based on phenotyping studies. SSK2 deletion was first attempted using the UAU1 disruption method. All transformants lacking one copy of SSK2 appeared to be triploids, suggesting that the SSK2 is essential for the organism. To verify this observation, a strain was constructed in which one allele was deleted using the SAT1 flipper disruption method. The second allele was then placed under control of the on/off tetracycline-regulatable (TetR) promoter. The transcription of SSK2 was measured by reverse transcriptase-PCR and although the promoter was somewhat leaky, transcript was significantly reduced in an ssk2/TetR-SSK2 transformant (AT2) in the presence of doxycycline. Strains AT1 and AT2 constructed using the SAT1 flipper and TetR promoter method, respectively, were studied phenotypically in different growth media to determine the role of Ssk2p in morphogenesis. The mutants were also compared under on/off conditions in the presence of 1.5 M NaCl and various types of oxidants. Strain AT2 demonstrated resistance to 1.5 M NaCl in the absence of doxycycline but was inhibited by 8 mM hydrogen peroxide.
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PMID:The SSK2 MAPKKK of Candida albicans is required for oxidant adaptation in vitro. 1809 32

We assessed the regulation of cryparin, a class II hydrophobin, using three representative mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways in Cryphonectria parasitica. Mutation of the CpSlt2 gene, an ortholog of yeast SLT2 in the cell wall integrity (CWI) pathway, resulted in a dramatic decrease in cryparin production. Similarly, a mutant of the CpBck1 gene, a MAP kinase kinase kinase gene in the CWI pathway, showed decreased cryparin production. Additionally, mutation of the cpmk1 gene, an ortholog of yeast HOG1, showed decreased cryparin production. However, mutation of the cpmk2 gene, an ortholog of yeast Kss1/Fus3, showed increased cryparin production. The easy-wet phenotype and accumulation of the cryparin transcript in corresponding mutants were consistent with the cryparin production results. In silico analysis of the promoter region of the cryparin gene revealed the presence of binding motifs related to downstream transcription factors of CWI, HOG1, and pheromone responsive pathways including MADS-box- and Ste12-binding domains. Real-time reverse transcriptase PCR analyses indicated that both CpRlm1, an ortholog of yeast RLM1 in the CWI pathway, and cpst12, an ortholog of yeast STE12 in the mating pathway, showed significantly reduced transcription levels in the mutant strains showing lower cryparin production in C. prasitica. However, the transcription of CpMcm1, an ortholog of yeast MCM1, did not correlate with that of the mutant strains showing downregulation of cryparin. These results indicate that three representative MAPK pathways played a role in regulating cryparin production. However, regulation varied depending on the MAPK pathways: the CWI and HOG1 pathways were stimulatory, whereas the pheromone-responsive MAPK was repressive.
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PMID:Role of MAPK Signaling Pathways in Regulating the Hydrophobin Cryparin in the Chestnut Blight Fungus Cryphonectria parasitica. 2937 4