Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.7.7.49 (reverse transcriptase)
 31,746 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have developed a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-based assay to detect influenza A in guano samples as part of our program to investigate ancient viral RNA from under Antarctic Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) colonies. Of five extraction protocols tested (RNeasy, GTC TRIZOL, GTC Silica, Rnaid, and AGPC), AGPC proved to be the most consistent and sensitive to low concentrations of influenza, but further purification with commercial viral nucleic acid spin filter system was still required to remove remaining PCR inhibitors. RT-PCR was then performed on the eluent and 650 bases of the M1 gene were amplified. The assay was found to be able to detect as little as 100 microl of 0.1 hemagglutination units (HU)/ml influenza.
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PMID:Development of a highly sensitive screen for influenza A in guano and its application in the search for ancient RNA preserved under Antarctic Adelie penguin colonies. 1457 42

Bioactive materials have previously been used to coat implants. In a new development for bioactive materials, a silica-ceramic mixture was found to alleviate pain (Lee, Poster presented at the Ninth World Congress of Gynecological Endocrinology, Hongkong, 2001. Poster session (p47)). Here, we hypothesized that silica-ceramic can reduce the expression and activity of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) or cytokines associated with inflammation. The production of COX2 and proinflammatory cytokines was investigated by reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR and ELISA assay in macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Silica-ceramic had no effect of COX2 expression and prostaglandin production in macrophages. However, silica-ceramic suppressed the synthesis of cytokines involved in inflammation, in particular, the expression of IL-1beta and IL-6 was reduced at the transcriptional and translational levels. The involvement of NF-kappaB in the suppression of cytokines by silica-ceramic was examined by luciferase reporter assay. The NF-kappaB activity stimulated by LPS was inhibited by 20-60% with silica-ceramic compared with treatment with LPS alone. We suggest that inhibition of NF-kappaB activity by silica-ceramic might cause the attenuation of proinflammatory cytokine expression in macrophages. In conclusion, silica-ceramic could be an alternative approach to regulate the inflammation process.
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PMID:Silica-ceramic suppresses the expression of proinflammatory cytokines induced by lipopolysaccharide in macrophages. 1713 51

To evaluate the presence and distribution of the three main viruses (rotavirus, astrovirus, and norovirus) responsible for human acute gastroenteritis in sewerage system an one-year study was carried out in Beijing, China. A total of 96 samples of influent and effluents from three sewage treatment plants (STPs) were collected from November 2006 to October 2007. Silica was used to concentrate viral particles from water samples and a reverse transcriptase-nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-nested PCR) method was used for detection of viruses. Viruses could be detected in 35.4% (34/96) of the water samples analyzed, where human rotavirus was the most frequently detected (32.3%, 31/96), followed by human astrovirus (6.3%, 6/96) and human norovirus (3.1%, 3/96). According to the quantitation results of rotaviruses, which were gained by the real-time quantitative RT-PCR method with SYBR Green I , it was known that the distributions of rotaviruses in influents and effluents of three STPs were quite similar, i.e., abundant in cold weather (from October to March) and less prevalent in warm weather (from April to September). According to the estimated exposure dose, exposure frequency, as well as the acceptable annual risk level, it was shown that the rotaviruses in the reused wastewater after conventional treatment process presented potential risk to human health through both occupational and accidental exposure.
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PMID:One-year monthly survey of rotavirus, astrovirus and norovirus in three sewage treatment plants in Beijing, China and associated health risk assessment. 2124 73

To evaluate the presence and distribution of the three main viruses (rotavirus, astrovirus, and norovirus) responsible for human acute gastroenteritis in sewerage systems, a one-year study was carried out in Beijing, China. A total of 96 samples of influent and effluents from three sewage treatment plants (STPs) were collected from November 2006 to October 2007. Silica was used to concentrate viral particles from water samples and a reverse transcriptase-nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-nested PCR) method was used for detection of viruses. Virus(es) could be detected in 35.4% (34/96) of the water samples analysed, where human rotavirus was the most frequently detected one (32.3%, 31/96), followed by human astrovirus (6.3%, 6/96) and human norovirus (3.1%, 3/96). According to the quantitation results of rotaviruses, which were gained by the real-time quantitative RT-PCR method with SYBR Green I, it was known that the distributions of rotaviruses in influents and effluents of three STPs were quite similar, i.e., abundant in cold weather (from October to March) and less prevalent in warm weather (from April to September). According to the estimated exposure dose and exposure frequency, as well as the acceptable annual risk level, it was shown that the rotaviruses in the reused wastewater after conventional treatment process presented potential risk to human health through both occupational and accidental exposure.
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PMID:One-year monthly survey of rotavirus, astrovirus and norovirus in three sewage treatment plants (STPs) in Beijing, China and associated health risk assessment. 2221 71