Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.7.49 (reverse transcriptase)
 31,746 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

C-type particles produced by a tissue culture-adapted BALB/c myeloma were characterized. It was determined that although the particles were morphologically and antigenically similar to murine leukemia and sarcoma virus, the size of their RNA was different, they lacked RNA-dependent DNA polymerase, they were unstable in NET buffer, sucrose and citrate but were stable in glycerol and Earle balanced salt solution, and they behaved differently from oncornaviruses when treated with ether and detergent.
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PMID:Characterization of C-type particles produced by a tissue culture-adapted murine myeloma. 412 86

The mechanism of in vitro inactivation of cell-free human immunodeficiency virus (CFHIV) with ascorbic acid (M) or Congo red (CR) was investigated with specific regard to the impact of an excess of magnesium ions on the viral inactivation. Quadruplicate reaction mixtures containing CFHIV were mixed with a virus-inactivating dose of 500 micrograms/ml ascorbic acid in RPMI medium devoid of fetal bovine serum and incubated for 3 h at 4 degrees C in two parallel sets of experiments. AA-free CFHIV and virion-free AA were included in each experiment as the positive and negative controls, respectively. After adding 10(6) MT2 cells to capture the surviving virons, the mixtures were incubated for 1 h at 37 degrees C. The cells from the first set were washed three times with Hanks balanced salt solution (HBSS) only, and those from the second set were washed with HBSS fortified with MgCl2 (1.0 mg/ml). Similarly, inactivation of CFHIV by increasing amounts of CR ranging between 12.5-100 micrograms/ml was also tested for the effect of MgCl2, except that (i) the assay was performed in subdued light, (ii) CFHIV-CR mixtures were incubated at 37 degrees C for 1 h in the dark and (iii) H9 cells were used instead of the MT-2 cells to capture the surviving virions in the test mixtures. The cells were cultured in RPMI with 20% FBS for 5 days at 37 degrees C. The absence of p24 antigen in the culture supernatant of MT2 or H9 cells indicated HIV inactivation by AA or CR, respectively. Remarkably, the cultured cells that were washed with HBSS + MgCl2 consistently expressed p24 antigen at levels comparable with those from the untreated virus control. Therefore, the apparent in vitro inactivation of CFHIV by either AA or CR was reversible as validated by washing of the cells with HBSS + MgCl2 following capture of the virions from CFHIV-AA or CFHIV-CR inactivation mixtures. These observations underscore the need for including extra magnesium ions as a control in validating various protocols used for assessing the in vitro virucidal activity of reverse transcriptase inhibitors, membrane binding dyes, or other candidate chemical agents.
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PMID:Magnesium-mediated reversal of the apparent virucidal effect of ascorbic acid or congo red reacted in vitro with the human immunodeficiency virus. 888 57

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of an intravitreal device releasing cyclosporine A (CsA) on recurrent inflammatory episodes in experimental uveitis. Nine normal horses were immunized peripherally with H37RA-mTB antigen twice, and then received 25 microg of H37RA-mTB antigen intravitreally in the right eye and an equal volume of balanced salt solution intravitreally in the left eye. Two weeks later, the animals randomly received either a CsA or a polymer implant (without CsA) in both eyes 1 week following implantation of the devices, 25 microg of H37RA-mTB antigen was reinjected into the right eye of each animal. Clinical signs of ophthalmic inflammation were graded following injections and implantation. The animals from each group were euthanized at 3, 14, and 28 days following the second injection. Aqueous and vitreous humor protein concentrations were measured. The presence, number, and type (CD4, 5 and 8) of infiltrating inflammatory cells and amount of tissue destruction were determined. Total RNA was isolated and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was performed for equine specific interleukin (IL) 2 and 4, interferon-gamma (IFN gamma) and beta-actin. In addition, aqueous and vitreous humor and peripheral blood were collected at the termination of the experiments and analyzed for CsA concentration by HPLC. Within 4h of the first intravitreal H37RA-mTB antigen injection, each animal developed epiphora, blepharospasm, mild corneal edema, aqueous flare, myosis, and vitreous opacity. The severity of signs peaked 48 to 72 h after injection and subsequently decreased back to normal within 14 days. Following the second injection, clinical signs in the eyes with the CsA device were less severe and significantly shorter in duration than signs with the polymer only implant eyes. Aqueous and vitreous humor protein levels, infiltrating cell numbers, total number of T-lymphocytes, and levels of IL-2 and IFN gamma-mRNA were significantly less in eyes with the CsA implant compared to eyes with the polymer only. CsA implants did not completely eliminate the development of a second ('recurrent') experimental inflammatory episode in these horses. However, the duration and severity of inflammation, cellular infiltration, tissue destruction, and pro-inflammatory cytokines RNA transcript levels were significantly less in those eyes implanted with the CsA device.
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PMID:Effect of an intravitreal cyclosporine implant on experimental uveitis in horses. 1104 57