Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.7.49 (reverse transcriptase)
 31,746 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Although a variety of adverse effects have been attributed to treatment with nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, only 5 cases of ototoxicity have been reported in the literature. We describe 3 additional cases of possible NRTI-associated ototoxicity in HIV-1-infected patients, all of whom were aged >45 years, had a history of noise-induced hearing loss, and reported tinnitus and deterioration in hearing in the setting of antiretroviral therapy. Reductions in mitochondrial DNA content induced by NRTIs, as well as mitochondrial DNA mutations associated with aging and HIV-1 infection, all may contribute to auditory dysfunction in older patients with HIV-1 infection. Prospective studies are necessary to determine the incidence of tinnitus and hearing loss among HIV-1-infected patients and their relationship to the use of NRTIs.
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PMID:Ototoxicity associated with use of nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors: a report of 3 possible cases and review of the literature. 1177 91

The cochlear nucleus is the first central pathway involved in the processing of peripheral auditory activity. The anterior ventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN), posterior ventral cochlear nucleus (PVCN) and dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) each contain predominant populations of neurons that have been well characterized regarding their morphological and electrophysiological properties. Little is known, however, of the underlying genetic factors that contribute to these properties and the initial steps in auditory processing. Serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE), supported by microarray experiments, was performed on each subdivision of the rat cochlear nucleus to identify genes that may sub-serve specialized roles in the central auditory system. Pair-wise comparisons between SAGE libraries from the AVCN, PVCN and DCN were correlated with microarray experiments to identify individual transcripts with significant differential expression. Twelve highly correlated genes were identified representing cytoskeletal, vesicular, metabolic and g-protein regulating proteins. Among these were Rgs4 which showed higher expression in the DCN, Sst and Cyp11b1 with very high expression in the AVCN and Calb2 with preferential expression in the PVCN. The differential expression of these genes was validated with real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. These experiments provide a basis for understanding normal auditory processing on a molecular level and a template for investigating changes that may occur in the cochlear nucleus with hearing loss, the generation and percept of tinnitus, and central auditory processing disorders.
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PMID:Differentially expressed genes in the rat cochlear nucleus. 1690 70