Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.7.49 (reverse transcriptase)
 31,746 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Malignant transformation of cells is accompanied by multiple genetic abnormalities with aberrant expression of genes. By using the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay, we have assessed the regulation of survivin gene expression in a prospectively collected series of 83 human non small-cell lung cancers. Survivin gene transcripts were identified in 71 (85.5%) of the tumor samples, while they were detected in only 10 (12%) of the paired histopathologically normal lung samples. Furthermore, a diminished overall survival was associated with survivin expression (Log-rank, P=0.01). This review discusses the structure, expression, and function of the survivin gene. It presents updated pooled data on survivin, analyzed by either immunochemistry or by RT-PCR, and the clinical correlates of aberrant expression in several tumors. We conclude that estimation of survivin gene transcripts by RNA techniques may have relevant applications in the prognostic and therapeutic assessment of lung cancer.
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PMID:The anti-apoptosis survivin gene and its role in human cancer: an overview. 1473 65

The normal human keratinocyte cell line, HaCaT, was transformed using multiple doses of ultraviolet (UV)A+B (UVA, 150-200 mJ/cm(2) and UVB, 15-20 mJ/cm(2) x 6). Malignant transformation was confirmed by upregulation of Cyclin D1 (mRNA) and formation of colonies on soft agar. To identify the genes involved in this transformation process, we have done rapid amplification of polymorphic DNA using RNA from unexposed and multiple-exposed cells. Six percent PAGE showed several differentially regulated genes in exposed cells compared with unexposed cells. Total 19 genes were identified, cloned and sequenced. Three of these 19 cloned genes showed 99% homology at both DNA and protein levels to a stretch of 540 bp (180 aa) of long interspersed element (LINE)-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) open reading frame (ORF-2). Colonies from soft agar showed upregulation of this gene compared with non-colonized (lawn on soft agar) cells as detected by RT-PCR. This data implicates LINE-1 RT (ORF-2) in UV-induced malignancy and can possibly be used as a marker for the diagnosis of UV-induced skin cancer.
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PMID:Ultraviolet-induced transformation of keratinocytes: possible involvement of long interspersed element-1 reverse transcriptase. 1563 21

Struma ovarii is a rare monodermal ovarian teratoma in which thyroid tissue is the predominant or exclusive element. Malignant transformation is known to occur, usually as classical papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). However, the recognition of follicular variant PTC raises the possibility of similar malignancy arising in struma ovarii. We examined 13 cases of struma ovarii to determine if these lesions can exhibit histological, immunohistochemical, and/or molecular features of follicular variant PTC. Ten of these had atypical histology, cytologic features of PTC, and all ten showed diffuse positivity for CK19; eight of these were also positive for HMBE-1. Mutational analysis for BRAF identified no V600E mutations. However, seven of the ten cases with features of follicular variant PTC exhibited a rearranged in transformation (RET)/PTC rearrangement by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The three cases considered to be benign based on histologic and cytologic criteria were negative for CK19 and HBME-1 by immunohistochemistry, and had no evidence of BRAF mutation or ret/PTC-1 and ret/PTC-3 rearrangements. These results indicate that follicular variant PTC can occur in struma ovarii and that such lesions exhibit the same morphologic and immunohistochemical profile as follicular variant PTC in thyroid. The application of molecular testing to verify the diagnosis can be valuable, as these lesions may harbor ret/PTC gene rearrangements.
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PMID:Follicular variant papillary thyroid carcinoma arising in struma ovarii. 1805 67