Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.7.49 (reverse transcriptase)
 31,746 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The replication of foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) was studied in isolated bovine skin Langerhans cells (LC), in keratinocytes from epidermal cell suspension, and in migrating LC obtained from cultured bovine epidermal sheets in vitro. Viral RNA replication in infected cells was determined by the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of the negative FMDV RNA strand and by the plaque forming assay of FMDV. It was established that bovine skin LC, keratinocytes, and migratory bovine LC infected with FMDV strain 01 Geshur supported virus replication. This RT-PCR method to detect the negative strand of FMDV RNA in migratory bovine skin LC may be useful for determining FMD virus replication in tissue cells.
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PMID:Foot and mouth disease virus replication in bovine skin Langerhans cells under in vitro conditions detected by RT-PCR. 748 89

The goal of this study was to identify the primary sites of replication of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in cattle subsequent to aerogenous inoculation. A novel aerosol inoculation method was developed to simulate natural, airborne transmission and thereby allow the identification of early replication sites. Virus distribution after aerosol inoculation was compared at 24h post inoculation with simple nasal instillation. Aerosol inoculation of FMDV consistently resulted in virus detection by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and viral isolation in the soft palate, pharynx, and lungs. Viral antigen was also detected in each of these tissues by immunohistochemistry. Aerosol exposure resulted in typical clinical signs of FMD when animals were kept alive long enough to develop disease. This aerosol infection method is highly reproducible regarding inoculum dose and volume, and allowed the detailed study of early events in FMDV-infected cattle. Extensive postmortem sampling and trimodal virus detection system allows a more precise determination of FMDV localization than previously reported.
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PMID:Early events in the pathogenesis of foot-and-mouth disease in cattle after controlled aerosol exposure. 1893 Apr 17

Twenty-four specific pathogen free pigs were inoculated intradermally at the front-right heel bulb with 0.5 ml of viral suspension containing 10(6.0)tissue culture infectious dose (TCID(50)) with the porcinophillic strain (O/Taiwan/97) of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) isolated from the epizootic of FMD in Taiwan in 1997. Two pigs were euthanatized at 8 h, 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 12, 15, 21, 26 and 63 days post-inoculation (DPI), and two pigs remained for long-term observation and terminated at 400 DPI. Typical symptoms of depression and inappetence appeared in the inoculated pigs at 1 DPI and subsided by 7 DPI. Vesicles developed in the epidermis over non-inoculated metacarpals joints at 1 DPI and vesicles in the mouth and on the snout were noticed at 2 DPI. Lesions in the feet were characterized by necrosis in the stratum spinosum, intercellular oedema, and vesicle formation accompanied by neutrophilic and mononuclear cells infiltration. Baby hamster kidney-21 cell cultures were used for virus isolation and viraemia was detected beginning at 1 DPI and persisted till 3 DPI and was no longer detectable when neutralizing antibody (NA) developed at 4 DPI. However, virus was isolated from skin samples from 1 to 12 DPI, from faeces from 2 to 8 DPI, and from 95% oesophageal-pharyngeal (OP) fluid samples at 8 HPI. Among the samples tested in this study, skin vesicles had the highest virus titre, 10(8.63) TCID(50). No virus was isolated from the skin or visceral organs obtained from post-mortem at day 15 after infection and the virus was not detectable from the OP fluid from 12 DPI till the end of this study (400 DPI). By using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, viral RNA was detected first from the tissues at the inoculation site at 1 DPI, and still detectable at 21 DPI. Neutralizing antibody emerged at 4 DPI and the geometric mean NA titre reached to 1:861 and 1:1097 at 21 and 301 DPI respectively. The re-growth of hoof began at 21 DPI; however, minimal lesions including remnants of the old hoof were still presented at the end of this study. These results suggest that monitoring pig's hooves for residual lesions should be part of the FMD diagnosis.
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PMID:Pathology and viral distributions of the porcinophilic foot-and-mouth disease virus strain (O/Taiwan/97) in experimentally infected pigs. 1943 40