Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.7.7.49 (reverse transcriptase)
 31,746 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Most studies of the reverse transcriptase in situ polymerase chain reaction technique have reported results from assessments of cultured cells, frozen sections, and cytospin preparations. For application to routine diagnosis, it will be necessary to adapt the technique for use with formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues, the materials that are generally available. We have evaluated the feasibility of such an approach, using surgical pathology archival material from 25 UCLA patients: 15 tissues from primary and metastatic melanoma, 7 from nonmelanocytic tumors, including cancer of the lung, colon, kidney and skin and a thyroid adenoma, and 3 nontumorous tissues. Seven of 15 melanoma tissues gave a strong positive signal, 5 gave a weak signal, and 3 were negative. None of the 10 nonmelanoma tissues gave a positive signal. The specific reaction product was mainly located in the cytoplasm. None of the nonmelanocytic tumors or normal tissues demonstrated this pattern of cytoplasmic staining. Some nonspecific nuclear staining was observed in melanocytic and nonmelanocytic tumors and must not be overread as a true positive result. It is possible to detect tyrosinase mRNA in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections of melanoma, but the technique remains too demanding for routine application.
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PMID:Detection of tyrosinase mRNA in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archival sections of melanoma, using the reverse transcriptase in situ polymerase chain reaction. 964 29

Administration of lersivirine, a nonnucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor, daily by oral gavage to Sprague-Dawley rats for up to 2 yr was associated with decreased survival, decreased body weights, and an increase in neoplasms and related proliferative lesions in the liver, thyroid, kidney, and urinary bladder. Thyroid follicular adenoma and carcinoma, the associated thyroid follicular hypertrophy/hyperplasia, hepatocellular adenoma/adenocarcinoma, altered cell foci, and hepatocellular hypertrophy were consistent with lersivirine-related induction of hepatic microsomal enzymes. Renal tubular adenoma and renal tubular hyperplasia were attributed to the lersivirine-related exacerbation of chronic progressive nephropathy (CPN), while urinary bladder hyperplasia and transitional cell carcinoma in the renal pelvis and urinary bladder were attributed to urinary calculi. Renal tubular neoplasms associated with increased incidence and severity of CPN, neoplasms of transitional epithelium attributed to crystalluria, and thyroid follicular and hepatocellular neoplasms related to hepatic enzyme induction have low relevance for human risk assessment.
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PMID:Two-year carcinogenicity study in rats with a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. 2512 32