Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.7.7.49 (reverse transcriptase)
31,746 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In embryonal human cell culture there was found the biological activity of DNA preparations, obtained from peripheral blood cells of acute leukemia patients, which was manifested in the production of virus-like RNA-containing particles, as evidenced by the radioisotope analysis findings and by the reverse transcriptase content in these particles. Also, a rapid growth of the cultures was noted. The DNA preparations from rhabdomyosarcoma, neurinoma and synovial sarcoma in man would cause only an enhancement of human embryonal cell cultures growth. No production of virus-like particles in the latter was noted.
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PMID:[Search for viral genetic information in human tumor DNA by means of transfection]. 8 6

A case of a biphasic synovial sarcoma, arising on the inner surface of the anterior abdominal wall of a 13-year-old girl, is reported. Although the tumor showed rather typical histological and immunohistochemical features for synovial sarcoma, its unusual clinical presentation and anatomical location caused diagnostic difficulty, especially with regard to differentiation from a malignant mesothelioma. Applying reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis, the SYT-SSX2 chimeric gene transcripts that result from the translocation, t(X;18)(p11.2;q11.2), found in most synovial sarcomas could be demonstrated. Thus, this RT-PCR approach is a reliable method for confirming the diagnosis of synovial sarcomas in unusual locations.
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PMID:Biphasic synovial sarcoma of the peritoneal cavity with t(X;18) demonstrated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. 931 Oct 17

Glycodelin is a 28 kDa glycoprotein of the lipocalin family that was previously considered to be specific for the reproductive tract. Glycodelin is found in the secretory glandular epithelium of endometrium and in seminal vesicles. Given the cyclic differentiation of normal endometrial epithelium, we studied by immunohistochemistry a possible expression of glycodelin in other tissues displaying stroma-to-epithelium maturation. We report here that 11/11 biphasic synovial sarcomas expressed glycodelin in the cells exhibiting epithelial or glandular differentiation while the sarcomatous spindle cells remained negative. Glycodelin was also found in secreted material in the lumina of the gland-like structures. In only 1 of the 7 monophasic synovial sarcomas studied, focal glycodelin reactivity was seen in some flattened spindle cells. The expression of glycodelin in biphasic synovial sarcoma tissue was further verified by the demonstration of glycodelin mRNA by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Considering the monoclonal origin of synovial sarcomas, our findings raise the intriguing possibility that activation of expression of the glycodelin gene is involved in the molecular regulation of mesenchyme-to-epithelium differentiation.
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PMID:Epithelial expression of glycodelin in biphasic synovial sarcomas. 959 Jan 22

The chimeric transcript SYT-SSX is generated as a result of reciprocal translocation t(X;18), which is the primary cytogenetic abnormality found in, and appears to be specific for, synovial sarcoma. We performed a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for SYT-SSX transcripts in a series of 84 tumors (61 soft tissue tumors and 23 bone tumors), including a variety of histologic types, to assess its usefulness in molecular diagnosis. Ten synovial sarcomas, three tumors initially unclassified, and one malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor contained the chimeric transcripts. A review of the original slides and additional examination showed that a diagnosis of synovial sarcoma was appropriate for these cases. Additionally, in situ hybridization with an SSX1 probe indicated that the chimeric transcripts exist not only in the cells of special components but also in cells showing a variety of histologic patterns. Therefore, RT-PCR can be considered a useful molecular biological technique that can provide objective evidence for diagnosis of synovial sarcoma. Northern blot analysis with an SSX1 probe also detected chimeric SYT-SSX transcripts in the synovial sarcoma cases. The additional smaller bands, however, were also detected in six peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumors (pPNETs) and one embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. In five of these pPNETs, other bands ranging in size from 2.0 to 2.2 kb were also found, and it seems possible that these bands might represent novel karyotypic aberrations and/or splicing variants of SSX.
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PMID:Diagnosis of synovial sarcoma with the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction: analyses of 84 soft tissue and bone tumors. 978 9

Cytogenetically, most synovial sarcomas are characterised by a specific chromosomal translocation [(X;18) (p11.2;q11.2)], which results in the generation of fusion transcripts comprising SYT (18q11) and either SSX1 or SSX2 (Xp11) sequences. By using a sensitive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) protocol, specific SYT-SSX1/2 fusion transcripts were detected in 10 histopathologically confirmed synovial sarcomas. Control tumours with morphological spindle cell patterns mimicking monophasic synovial sarcoma tested negative (18/19) in the RT-PCR protocol, with the exception of one spindle cell sarcoma originally classified as a fibrosarcoma. Furthermore, the established RT-PCR protocol was used to evaluate the feasibility of SYT-SSX1/2 fusion transcript detection for minimal residual disease analysis. Analyses of surgical margins revealed a fusion transcript in two of four operations for synovial sarcoma analysed, one of which was diagnosed with tumour free margins by conventional histopathology. These data suggest that the RT-PCR amplification of SYT-SSX1/2 fusion transcripts is a valuable tool in the differentiation of synovial sarcomas, especially in cases of equivocal morphology. Additionally, the RT-PCR approach may be used for the detection of residual tumour cells in synovial sarcoma patients.
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PMID:Detection of SYT-SSX1/2 fusion transcripts by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is a valuable diagnostic tool in synovial sarcoma. 1007 Mar 16

The chromosomal translocation t(X;18), which generates SYT-SSX1 and SYT-SSX2 fusion products, is a sensitive marker for synovial sarcoma; most synovial sarcomas test positive for this marker. However, few studies have addressed the presence of t(X;18) or its fusion products in spindle cell sarcomas in the differential diagnosis of synovial sarcoma. We studied the presence of the SYT-SSX fusion products with reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction on frozen tissue samples of 24 synovial sarcomas and 24 other spindle cell sarcomas, including 12 malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. In cases histopathologically diagnosed as synovial sarcoma, SYT-SSX fusion products were detected in 21 of 24 (87%) lesions. No evidence of these fusions was found in 12 malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, 2 hemangiopericytomas, 3 leiomyosarcomas, 2 fibrosarcomas, 1 poorly differentiated sarcoma (malignant fibrous histiocytoma), 1 sarcoma with rhabdoid features, and 2 sarcomas not otherwise specified. One lesion with histologic, immunohistologic, and ultrastructural features indeterminate for a diagnosis of synovial sarcoma or malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor was studied and was positive for SYT-SSX1. The SYT-SSX fusion products appear specific for synovial sarcoma and are not seen in other spindle cell lesions in its differential diagnosis.
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PMID:Absence of SYT-SSX fusion products in soft tissue tumors other than synovial sarcoma. 1039 84

It is well known that insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) plays a crucial role in proliferation and survival of transformed cells. Overexpression of IGF-1R in certain tumors has been reported, but there is still little known about its importance in vivo. Here, we evaluated the IGF-1R levels in 35 human synovial sarcoma tumors by Western blot and reverse transcriptase-PCR. In 18 of these, IGF-1R was detectable by Western blot, whereas 17 were nondetectable. There was a significant association between the amount of receptor proteins and mRNA transcripts. Furthermore, we found that the IGF-1R Western blot-positive tumors were associated with a high incidence of lung metastases. Eleven of 18 (61%) developed metastases in the IGF-1R detectable group, compared to 3 of 17 (18%) in the nondetectable group (P = 0.01). Moreover, in the detectable group of IGF-1R, 12 of 18 (67%) exhibited a high tumor cell proliferative rate, compared to 5 of 16 (31%) in the nondetectable group (P = 0.04). On the other hand, no association was found between the IGF-1R and type of fusion gene transcript (SYT-SSX1 or SYT-SSX2). Our results suggest that expression of IGF-1R can underlie an aggressive phenotype in synovial sarcoma.
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PMID:Expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor in synovial sarcoma: association with an aggressive phenotype. 1044 66

We report a case of a 19-year-old woman with a primary pericardial synovial sarcoma that extended from the right ventricular free wall to the posterior aspect of the left anterior thoracic wall. Synovial sarcoma was diagnosed by the detection of the chimeric transcript SYT-SSX using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). This transcript is generated by reciprocal translocation between chromosomes X and 18, and is specific to synovial sarcoma that usually occurs in the extremities of young adults. When pathological and immunohistochemical diagnosis of synovial sarcoma is difficult, the molecular biological technique using RT-PCR becomes a powerful method of confirmation of this neoplasm.
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PMID:Primary pericardial synovial sarcoma with detection of the chimeric transcript SYT-SSX. 1047 86

We report a unique case of a minute, occult synovial sarcoma of the lung detected intraoperatively during a pneumothorax repair in a 17-year-old boy. No alternative primary site could be detected upon complete body imaging studies and physical examinations. The diagnosis was confirmed by demonstration of the characteristic SYT/SSX gene fusion by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) performed upon RNA extracted from the paraffin block of the biopsy. This case demonstrates the utility of this technique in diagnostic pathology.
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PMID:Occult pulmonary synovial sarcoma confirmed by molecular techniques. 1059 36

Bone morphogenetic proteins, which are capable of inducing mesenchymal tissue to form bone in mammals, have been implicated as important in normal skeletal development. The expression of bone morphogenetic proteins and their receptors were studied in 36 osteosarcoma specimens, six Ewing's sarcomas, 20 synovial sarcomas, and 20 chondrosarcomas by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, and the findings were correlated with clinical data. Bone morphogenetic protein-2, and -4 messages were detected in most sarcoma samples. Bone morphogenetic protein-6 expression was detected in 22 of 32 osteosarcomas and seven of eight chondrosarcomas. Bone morphogenetic protein-7 and receptor IB were not detected in sarcoma samples but were detected in three osteosarcoma cell lines and one malignant fibrous histiocytoma cell line. Expression of bone morphogenetic protein receptor II was found in 25 of 36 osteosarcomas, eight of 20 chondrosarcomas, four of six Ewing's sarcomas, and 15 of 20 synovial sarcoma samples. Expression of bone morphogenetic protein type II receptor was found to correlate with metastasis in osteosarcomas, which suggests that the bone morphogenetic protein pathway may participate in tumor aggressiveness or progression. The expression of bone morphogenetic protein receptor II in metastatic synovial sarcoma and dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma lesions also supports this hypothesis. The current study showed that the ligands for bone morphogenetic protein receptors, bone morphogenetic proteins-2, -4, and -6 also are expressed in osteosarcoma and other sarcoma tissues, indicating a potential for autocrine or paracrine growth stimulation in these tumors.
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PMID:Expression of bone morphogenetic proteins and receptors in sarcomas. 1062 2


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