Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.7.49 (reverse transcriptase)
 31,746 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Intracisternal A particle preparations from a murine neuroblastoma cell line (N18) and from a mineral oil-induced murine plasmacytoma (MOPC-104E) contain both an endogenous RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity and high molecular-weight polyadenylic acid (poly[A])-containing RNA. The DNA polymerase activity is stimulated by oligo(dG)-poly(C) and oligo(dT)-poly(A) and to a lesser extent by oligo(dT)-poly(dA), in agreement with previous reports. The high-molecular-weight RNA is predominantly 35S and contains a poly(A) tract of approximately 220 nucleotides as judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Small amounts of 70S RNA are also present. This RNA preparation contains RNA homologous to RNA from type-C particles, as judged by molecular hybridization experiments. However, since this RNA derives only in part from A-particles and in part from other cellular RNA, hybridization of A-particle endogenously synthesized DNA or reverse transcripts of A-particle RNA to purified type C viral 70S RNA may more accurately reflect the relationship of A-particle RNA to RNA from C-particles. None of these DNA transcripts hybridizes significantly to C-particle 70S RNA, although MOPC and N18 DNA transcripts share significant homology. Our interpretation of these results is that murine intracisternal A particles are not closely related genetically to the tested murine type C viruses, although an alternate possibility is that all the A-particle DNA transcripts are copied from only a small part of the genome, which is unrelated to C-particle RNA.
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PMID:Murine intracisternal type A particles: a biochemical characterization. 5 37

Since mast cells and basophils are thought to play a central role in several types of cutaneous inflammatory and allergic reactions, and since interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an important mediator in these processes, we have studied the ability of the human mast cell line HMC-1, the human basophilic cell line KU812, and human skin mast cells to produce IL-6. All three cell types proved to be potent sources of this cytokine after appropriate stimulation. Transcription of IL-6 mRNA was first detectable 2 h after stimulation with the ester phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and the calcium ionophore A23187 in both cell lines, as evidenced by semiquantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis. Whereas resting cells did not produce IL-6 protein, PMA/A23187-stimulated cells released immunoreactive and biologically active IL-6, as demonstrated and quantitated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and by the use of TEPC 1033 cells, an IL-6-dependent murine plasmacytoma cell line. Stimulated KU812 cells secreted sevenfold more IL-6 (up to 15 ng/ml) than HMC-1 cells (up to 2.4 ng/ml). Immunoblotting of HMC-1- and KU812 cell-derived IL-6 revealed several IL-6 forms in the molecular weight range of 21 to 30 kDa. Immunoelectron microscopic studies of human skin biopsies provided evidence that unstimulated mast cells do not contain preformed IL-6 but accumulate IL-6 in cytoplasmic and extruded granules after IgE-dependent stimulation. These findings suggest that IL-6 secreted by human mast cells and basophils potentially contributes to allergic, other immunologically mediated and nonspecific inflammatory responses.
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PMID:Production of interleukin-6 by human mast cells and basophilic cells. 859 85

When injected subcutaneously, mouse plasmacytoma (MOPC315) grew rapidly in situ, and metastatic cells became detectable first in the lymph nodes (LNs) and bone marrow, and later in the liver and lungs. We studied MOPC315 cell migration by tracking metastatic cells labelled with green fluorescent protein (GFP). We measured the levels of their chemokine receptor mRNA (by semiquantitative and real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), because chemokines can regulate organ predilection of metastasis. Freshly sorted metastatic cells and tumour cell lines derived from the liver of BALB/c mice overexpressed functional CCR6 and CCR7 molecules compared with primary tumour. Preincubation with the CCR6 ligand (CCL20) induced liver-sorted tumour cells to preferentially colonize the liver, demonstrating an association between liver metastasis and CCR6 expression in the mouse. Because the liver is a common site for metastasis, second only to draining LNs, we wished to ascertain whether this finding could be generalized, i.e. whether other cancers can use the similar mechanism of metastasis to the liver, and whether it holds true for humans. We found that CCR6 is overexpressed in small liver metastases of colon, thyroid and ovarian carcinomas compared with normal liver. Because human liver constitutively expresses CCL20, it could attract and select CCR6+ cancer cells. We suggest that chemotaxis via CCR6 might be a common mechanism by which malignant cancers metastasize to the liver. As metastasis in patients with cancer poses the biggest peril for survival, inhibition of CCR6 signalling, either during or after medical or surgical treatment, might be useful in preventing liver metastasis.
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PMID:Liver metastasis of cancer facilitated by chemokine receptor CCR6. 1279 Oct 91

Necropsy of a female adult pregnant harbor porpoise Phocoena phocoena revealed a multicentric plasmacytoma. The plasmacytoma infiltrated the cranial lung lobes, mediastinal lymph nodes and the spleen. Diagnosis was based on gross, histopathologic and immunohistochemical studies. Histopathology revealed a diffuse proliferation of atypical pleomorphic neoplastic round cells with plasmacytic features. Positive immunohistochemistry with anti-CD79a and anti-CD20 antibody markers and anti-multiple myeloma oncogene 1 (MUM-1) for plasmacytoma confirmed this neoplasm to be of B-cell origin. This is the first recorded case of a plasmacytoma in a harbor porpoise. Routine viral screening was negative via standard PCR for herpesvirus and reverse transcriptase PCR for morbillivirus. Retroviral screening was not performed.
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PMID:Multicentric plasmacytoma in a harbor porpoise Phocoena phocoena off the coast of Whidbey Island, Washington State, USA. 2951 61

Objective: Acute erythroleukemia (AEL) is a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), with no specific treatment. Up- or downregulation of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) is strongly associated with the formation and progression of many malignancies. Plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) is a significantly upregulated lncRNA in AML. Antisense locked nucleic acid (LNA) GapmeRs oligonucleotides are the novel tools for targeting lncRNAs. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the functional role of PVT1 antisense LNA GapmeRs on AEL cell line (KG-1). Materials and Methods: AEL cells were transfected with PVT1 antisense LNA GapmeRs at three different time points. Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was accomplished to evaluate the PVT1 expression by PVT1 antisense LNA GapmeRs. The viability was evaluated by MTT (3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay, and the apoptosis and necrosis were assessed by Annexin V/propidium iodide staining assay. The C-MYC expression level, the target gene of PVT1, was also quantified by qRT-PCR. Results: The results indicated that PVT1 inhibition could significantly decrease the viability of AEL cells, due to induction of apoptosis and necrosis, probably through the downregulation of C-MYC. Conclusions: Their findings suggest that the inhibition of lncRNA PVT1 could serve as a novel approach for controlling the proliferation of AEL cells and could open up a path for treatment of AEL.
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PMID:Knockdown of Long Noncoding RNA Plasmacytoma Variant Translocation 1 with Antisense Locked Nucleic Acid GapmeRs Exerts Tumor-Suppressive Functions in Human Acute Erythroleukemia Cells Through Downregulation of C-MYC Expression. 3014 68