Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.7.49 (reverse transcriptase)
 31,746 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A methacarn fixation permits an approach that comprises multiple techniques. In this study the procedure is used to examine 100 mesenteric lymph nodes from patients with colon cancer by means of histology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The evaluated nodes are found to be grossly free of metastases. The combined expression of both messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein is investigated to validate the presence of structural (cytokeratin 20, or CK20) and tumor-specific (carcinoembryonic antigen, or CEA) markers. Histological analysis shows micrometastases on 4 nodes. IHC analysis identifies isolated (CK20 and CEA positive) tumor cells on 14 other nodes. In this group, none of the nodes that are positive for CK20 IHC express the related mRNA. RT-PCR confirms the CEA IHC positivity in 50% of the cases. The double CEA IHC/RT-PCR positivity would have up-staged 33% of the pN0 cases to pN1. This approach offers a technological framework for further studies that aim to validate the clinical significance of protein/mRNA expression of tumor markers in colorectal cancer sentinel lymph nodes.
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PMID:Added value of combined gene and protein expression of CK20 and CEA in non-macroscopically involved lymph nodes of colorectal cancer. 1907 66

Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent malignant tumor in women worldwide; its recurrence is a result of undetected metastasis present at the time of primary patient treatment. The detection of cell-free RNA in plasma and serum of human subjects has found increasing applications in the field of medical diagnostics.This study aimed at evaluating plasma mammaglobin mRNA as a useful tumor marker for the diagnosis and the detection of metastasis in breast cancer at the time of diagnosis either alone or in combination with conventional serum tumor markers CA15.3 and/or CEA. This study included 40 Egyptian females with primary breast cancer and 25 with different benign breast diseases. The BC group was classified into 24 patients with localized BC and 16 patients with metastases. All patients were subjected to routine laboratory investigations, estimation of serum CA15.3 and CEA by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay and detection of plasma mammaglobin mRNA by using nested reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). There was a significance increase in plasma mammaglobin mRNA expression, CA15.3 and CEA levels in BC group as compared to benign group (p < 0.001). No significant difference was observed between levels of plasma mammaglobin mRNA expression in patients with tumor's size or grade. No correlation was observed with plasma mammaglobulin mRNA levels and tumor size or grading, CEA and CA15.3. There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) and a positive correlation between CA 15.3 and CEA levels in patients with tumor size and grading. Expression of plasma mammaglobin mRNA has the highest sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy for both BC and BC with metastasis (75%, 92% & 81.5%) and (87.5%, 45.8% & 62.5%), respectively. To improve diagnostic efficacy of BC, the use of combined tests, expression of plasma mammaglobin mRNA and CA 15.3 improved the sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy to 90%, 80% & 86.2%, respectively; as well as in BC with metastasis to 100%, 79.2%, & 87.5%, respectively. In conclusion, plasma mammaglobin mRNA alone or in combination with CA15.3 may be used as a valuable noninvasive approach for the diagnosis and the detection of metastasis in breast cancer at the time of diagnosis.
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PMID:Plasma mammaglobin messenger RNA in breast cancer patients as an addition to serum tumor. 2030 63

Carcinoembryonic antigen-related adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) is a type 1 transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the CEA family, which has been found to exist as either soluble forms in body fluids or membrane-bound forms on the cell surface. Aberrant CEACAM1 expression is associated with tumor progression and has been found in a variety of human malignancies. Increasing interest has been devoted to the expression of CEACAM1 in breast cancer, but most of these findings are contradictory. The aim of this study was to investigate CEACAM1 expression in breast cancer in greater detail. Using immunohistochemical staining, we found that CEACAM1 expression was reduced or lost in breast cancer tissues compared with noncancerous breast tissues. In addition, soluble CEACAM1 levels in the culture medium of breast cancer cell lines were significantly lower than those in a nontumorigenic breast epithelial cell line. Immunofluorescence analysis consistently showed that breast cancer cell lines have relatively low expression of membrane-bound CEACAM1. Furthermore, CEACAM1 mRNA and protein expression levels were down-regulated in breast cancer cell lines as measured using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, respectively. Taken together, our results demonstrate a systematic down-regulation of CEACAM1 in breast cancer and suggest that a strategy to restore CEACAM1 expression may be helpful for the treatment of breast cancer.
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PMID:Down-regulation of CEACAM1 in breast cancer. 2634 81


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