Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.7.7.49 (reverse transcriptase)
 31,746 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Group II introns encode reverse transcriptases that promote RNA splicing (maturase activity) and then with the excised intron form a DNA endonuclease that mediates intron mobility by target DNA-primed reverse transcription (TPRT). Here, we show that the primary binding site for the maturase (LtrA) encoded by the Lactococcus lactis Ll.LtrB intron is within a region of intron domain IV that includes the start codon of the LtrA ORF. This binding is enhanced by other elements, particularly domain I and the EBS/IBS interactions, and helps position LtrA to initiate cDNA synthesis in the 3' exon as occurs during TPRT. Our results suggest how the maturase functions in RNA splicing and support the hypothesis that the reverse transcriptase coding region was derived from an independent genetic element that was inserted into a preexisting group II intron.
 ...
PMID:A reverse transcriptase/maturase promotes splicing by binding at its own coding segment in a group II intron RNA. 1048 39

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is released after food intake to act as an incretin. GLP-1 also inhibits gastric emptying and increases satiety. In rats, GLP-1 inhibits small bowel motility. Our aim was to study the effects of GLP-1 on gastrointestinal motility in healthy subjects and patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Antro-duodeno-jejunal manometry was carried out during a 4-h control period with saline, followed by a 4-h period with intravenous GLP-1 (healthy: 0.7 and 1.2 pmol kg(-1) min(-1) (n = 16); IBS, 1.2 and 2.5 pmol kg(-1) min(-1) (n = 14). Plasma was analysed for GLP-1 and gut hormones, and gut tissue expression of GLP-1 receptor was studied. In healthy subjects, GLP-1 0.7 pmol kg(-1) min(-1) reduced the migrating motor complexes (MMCs) from a median of 2 (range 2-3) to 0.5 (0-2), and motility index from 4.9 +/- 0.1 to 4.3 +/- 0.3 ln Sigma(mmHg*s min(-1)) in jejunum, while GLP-1 1.2 pmol kg(-1) min(-1) diminished MMCs from 2 (2-3) to 1.5 (1-2.5), and motility index from 5.2 +/- 0.2 to 4.4 +/- 0.2. In IBS patients, GLP-1 1.2 pmol kg(-1) min(-1) reduced the MMCs from 2.5 (2-3.5) to 1 (0-1.5) without affecting motility index. At 2.5 pmol kg(-1) min(-1) GLP-1 decreased MMCs from 2 (1.5-3) to 1 (0.5-1.5), and motility index from 5.2 +/- 0.2 to 4.0 +/- 0.5. Motility responses to GLP-1 were similar in antrum and duodenum. Presence of the GLP-1 receptor in the gut was verified by reverse transcriptase PCR. In conclusion, the gut peptide GLP-1 decreases motility in the antro-duodeno-jejunal region and inhibits the MMC in healthy subjects and IBS patients.
 ...
PMID:GLP-1 suppresses gastrointestinal motility and inhibits the migrating motor complex in healthy subjects and patients with irritable bowel syndrome. 1829 41

To investigate the role of mice as potential carriers of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), three mice were inoculated with a very virulent strain of IBDV and allowed to have contact with three uninoculated mice. Faeces, intestine and pooled liver and spleen collected from inoculated mice 12 and 24 h post-inoculation were positive for IBDV by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-nested PCR (RT-PCR-nPCR). IBDV was detected by RT-PCR-nPCR in 3/3 samples of intestine and 2/3 samples of pooled liver and spleen from uninoculated in-contact mice at 24 h after exposure. Chickens developed clinical signs of IBD and died when inoculated with faecal extracts prepared from mice 24 h after inoculation with IBDV. Bursae were atrophied and positive for IBDV by RT-PCR-nPCR.
 ...
PMID:Mice as potential carriers of infectious bursal disease virus in chickens. 1915 54

A SYBR Green I based one-step real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was developed for the detection and differentiation of very virulent (vv) and classical strains of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). The assay showed high PCR efficiency >93% and high reproducibility with coefficient of variation less than 0.5%. When tested on characterized IBDV strains, the very virulent and classical-specific primers detected accurately only vvIBDV and classical IBDV strains, respectively. The diagnostic efficacy of the assay was also tested on 140 bursal samples from experimental infection and 37 bursal samples from cases suspected of IBD. The assay was able to detect IBDV from bursal samples collected at days 3 and 5 post-infection with the vvIBDV strain UPM94/273 and the classical IBDV strain D78. The assay was also able to detect bursal samples infected dually with D78 and UPM94/273. The melting temperature values of the amplification products from the classical and very virulent viral infection were statistically significant (P<0.05). The specificity of the assay for detecting IBDV from suspected cases was confirmed by sequence analysis of the VP2 gene. The assay showed high sensitivity since bursal samples which were negative for IBDV were confirmed by virus isolation and PCR amplification. Hence, the new assay offers an attractive method for rapid detection of strains of IBDV.
 ...
PMID:Development of SYBR green I based one-step real-time RT-PCR assay for the detection and differentiation of very virulent and classical strains of infectious bursal disease virus. 1959 73

Lipids are important for cell function and survival, but abnormal concentrations may lead to various diseases. Cholesterol homeostasis is greatly dependent on the active transport by membrane proteins, whose activities coordinate lipid status with cellular function. Intestinal Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 protein (NPC1L1) and scavenger receptor B1 (SR-B1) participate in the uptake of extracellular cholesterol, whereas ATP binding cassette A1 (ABCA1) mediates the efflux of excessive intracellular cholesterol. Caveolin-1 binds cholesterol and fatty acids (FA) and participates in cholesterol trafficking. Sterol response element binding protein-2 (SREBP-2) is a sensor that regulates intracellular cholesterol synthesis. Given that cholesterol is a constituent of chylomicrons, whose synthesis is enhanced with an increased FA supply, we tested the hypothesis that feeding polyunsaturated FA (PUFA)-enriched diets in treatment of canine chronic enteropathies alters the mRNA expression of genes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), we compared the mRNA abundance of NPC1L1, SR-B1, ABCA1, caveolin-1, and SREBP-2 in duodenal mucosal biopsies of dogs with food-responsive diarrhea (FRD; n=14) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD; n=7) before and after treatment with cholesterol-free PUFA-enriched diets and in healthy controls (n=14). The abundance of caveolin-1, ABCA1, and SREBP-2 were altered by PUFA-enriched diets (P<0.05), whereas that of NPC1L1 and SR-B1 mRNA remained unchanged. The gene expression of caveolin-1, ABCA1, and SREBP-2 was down-regulated (P<0.05) by PUFA-enriched diets in IBD dogs only. Our results suggest that feeding PUFA-enriched diets may alter cholesterol homeostasis in duodenal mucosal cells of dogs suffering from IBD.
 ...
PMID:Polyunsaturated fatty acid-enriched diets used for the treatment of canine chronic enteropathies decrease the abundance of selected genes of cholesterol homeostasis. 1973 98

Background and Aims. Although the differential expression of microRNA (miRNA) genes has been identified in many diseases, little information exists concerning the miRNA expression profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (D-IBS). Therefore, the specific expression of miRNAs in diabetes with D-IBS is identified in the study. Materials and Methods. 201 patients with IBS and 220 matched healthy controls were included in the study. Microarray technology and real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis (RT-PCR) were taken to examine the miRNA expression profiles of T2DM patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (D-IBS) compared with patients with T2DM, patients with D-IBS, and control subjects. Results. We have found that 35 miRNAs were differentially expressed in T2DM with D-IBS, in which three representative miRNAs, hsa-miR-106b, hsa-miR-26a, and hsa-miR-29b, were found to be significantly elevated in T2DM with D-IBS by RT-PCR. Conclusions. Our study has indicated that hsa-miR-106b, hsa-miR-26a, and hsa-miR-29b were elevated in T2DM with D-IBS, which may be the potential biomarkers of T2DM with D-IBS. To obtain a better understanding of the biological functions of these miRNAs in T2DM with D-IBS, functional annotation analysis suggested that the MAPK pathway may be responsible for T2DM with D-IBS.
...
PMID:Elevated Circulating hsa-miR-106b, hsa-miR-26a, and hsa-miR-29b in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome. 2763 30

Lactobacillus plantarum has been identified as a probiotic bacterium owing to its role in immune regulation and maintenance of intestinal permeability. Here, we investigated the anti-colitic effects and mechanism of L. plantarum CBT LP3 (LP3). This in vivo study was performed using dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to induce colitis in mice. Mice were randomly divided into three groups: a control supplied with normal drinking water, a DSS-treated group followed by oral administration of vehicle, and a DSS-treated group gavaged with LP3 daily for 7 days following DSS administration. An analysis of macrophages and T cell subsets harvesting from peritonium cavity cells and splenocytes was performed using a flow cytometric assay. Gene expression and cytokine profiles were measured using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The administration of LP3 significantly attenuated disease activity and histolopathology compared to control. LP3 had anti-inflammatory effects, with increased induction of regulatory T cells and type 2 helper T cells in splenocytes and restoration of goblet cells accompanied by suppression of proinflammatory cytokine expressions. These findings suggest that L. plantarum CBT LP3 can be used as a potent immunomodulator, which has significant implications for IBD treatment.
 ...
PMID:Lactobacillus plantarum CBT LP3 ameliorates colitis via modulating T cells in mice. 3200 42