Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.7.7.49 (reverse transcriptase)
31,746 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We attempted to isolate acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) virus from a Japanese hemophiliac with AIDS-related complex (ARC). After cocultivation of leukocytes from his peripheral blood with those of a healthy adult, reverse transcriptase activity and AIDS viral antigens were detected by immunofluorescence and radio-immunoprecipitation methods, respectively. Moreover, an electron microscopic study revealed the presence of viral particles consistent with AIDS virus. These retroviruses were further propagated. We designated the first Japanese isolate of AIDS virus as YU-1.
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PMID:Detection and isolation of an acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related virus (HTLV-III/LAV) from a Japanese boy with AIDS-related complex. 242 Jul 72

Normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes were tested for their susceptibility to infection with retroviruses isolated from patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related complex. Of 10 normal individuals tested, lymphocytes from all subjects became infected and produced virus as detected by assay for Mg+2-dependent reverse transcriptase. Lymphocytes from different individuals were demonstrated to be either high or low producers of reverse transcriptase after infection. The kinetics of virus production were similar in cells from both high- and low-producing individuals. A significant correlation was observed between high and low viral-producing lymphocytes and expression of the Leu-3/T4 (CD4) surface molecule. Mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes exposed to HTLV-III/LAV manifested productive viral infection, as reflected by the appearance of early syncytia, followed by reverse transcriptase. Unstimulated peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures displayed late syncytia but no detectable reverse transcriptase upon exposure to virus. The addition of anti-human interferon-alpha did not appear to have an appreciable effect on viral production in normal peripheral blood lymphocytes exposed to the virus.
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PMID:Susceptibility of normal human lymphocytes to infection with HTLV-III/LAV. 242 71

LAV/HTLV-III/AAV viruses were isolated from 20 German patients with ARC/AIDS in order to investigate strain variation. Virus was isolated from the peripheral blood and/or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in umbilical cord peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) cultures. Isolates were identified by their cytopathic effect (CPE), by reverse transcriptase assays on cell-free infected culture supernatant fluid (SNF), and one or more of the following: immunofluorescence assays on infected cells for viral antigen using HTLV-III reference sera, Western blot analysis of cell-free infected culture SNF, electron microscopy of infected cells, and Southern blot restriction analysis and specific HTLV-III probing of DNA extracted from infected cultured PBL. The isolates could be classified into three groups according to differences in growth rate and cytopathic effect: Most showed what was regarded as the typical CPE, while some either grew rapidly and induced a striking CPE and others grew slowly with minimal CPE. In one patient, virus producing typical CPE was isolated from the peripheral blood while the isolate from his filtered cell-free CSF produced atypical slow CPE, suggesting that antigenic variation may occur with persistent infection or that superinfection may occur. Southern blot DNA restriction analysis of the DNA of three selected isolates showed that two of the isolates were similar but that the restriction pattern of all three differed from patterns previously published. Our results supplement the accumulating evidence of genetic variation among LAV/HTLV-III strains. The extent of this variation needs to be evaluated for any effect on the sensitivity of diagnostic tests, on the strategy of vaccine development, on tissue tropism by altering the viral surface receptor-binding sites, and possibly on the development of specific chemotherapy.
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PMID:Isolation of variants of lymphocytopathic retroviruses from the peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with ARC or AIDS. 242 49

Human T cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III)/lymphadenopathy-associated virus is the etiologic agent of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related complex. The effect of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) on the HTLV-III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus infection was quantitatively studied with HTLV type I-carrying MT-4 cells. The AZT compound inhibited HTLV-III-induced cytopathic effect and virus-specific antigen expression in MT-4 cells at concentrations of 5 and 10 microM. In addition, a plaque-forming assay was performed to assess the effect of AZT on virus replication in MT-4 cells freshly infected with HTLV-III and in continuous HTLV-III-producing Molt-4/HTLV-III cells. Results showed that AZT efficiently and effectively inhibited the replication of HTLV-III in infected MT-4 cells. AZT is a strong inhibitor of reverse transcriptase activity of HTLV-III as a triphosphate, to such a degree that even 1.0 pM azido-TTP inhibits 50% of reverse transcriptase activity. However, it did not show any effect in the HTLV-III-producing cell line Molt-4/HTLV-III. Thus, AZT has no effect on virus replication of an already integrated virus. When 5 microM AZT was added to HTLV-III-infected MT-4 within 20 h after infection, a striking suppressive effect was noticed. This concentration was much lower than that which inhibits the growth of MT-4 cells. These results confirm those found in a previous report (H. Mitsuya, K. J. Weinhold, P. S. Furman, H. S. Clair, S. N. Lehrman, R. C. Gallo, D. Bolognesi, D. W. Barry, and S. Broder, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:7096-7100, 1985) and suggest that AZT might be used as an experimental antiviral agent for AIDS and AIDS-related complex.
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PMID:Inhibition of replication and cytopathic effect of human T cell lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus by 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine in vitro. 243 24

Reverse transcriptase activity of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was blocked in vitro by immunoglobulin G (IgG) derived from certain individuals infected with this retrovirus. A heterogeneous immune response for inhibition of enzyme function was noted. Catalytic activity was depressed by 50% or more with the use of 10 micrograms of IgG from 11 of 16 HIV-seropositive asymptomatic carriers, but from 0 of 8 seronegative controls and 2 of 12 patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) or the AIDS-related complex (ARC). The inhibitor was confined to the F(ab')2 fragment. It was not directed against the poly(rA) X oligo(dT) template, nor against major envelope or structural viral antigens, and did not cross-react with bacterial, avian, or other mammalian DNA polymerases. It did not correlate with recognition of polymerase antigens by radioimmunoprecipitation. Loss of this inhibitor may be associated with development of clinical disease. Ten asymptomatic HIV-seropositive carriers with high titers of IgG antibodies to reverse transcriptase were followed for a mean of 3 years. All of four lost inhibitory capability prior to development of AIDS or ARC, while titers persist in the six who remain clinically healthy.
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PMID:Characterization and clinical association of antibody inhibitory to HIV reverse transcriptase activity. 243 4

Avarol and avarone are two antimitotic and antimutagenic agents that preferentially inhibit proliferation of T-cell leukemia lines in vitro. This report shows that these compounds have a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the replication of the etiologic agent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), human T-lymphotropic retrovirus (HTLV-III)/lymphadenopathy-associated virus, in human H9 cells in vitro. Both compounds show a significant cytoprotective effect on HTLV-IIIB-infected H9 cells at concentrations as low as 0.1 microgram/ml (0.3 microM). Both avarone and avarol block in a dose-dependent manner the expression of the p24 and p17 gag proteins of HTLV-III in H9 cells after virus infection and block viral replication, as judged by approximately 80% inhibition of reverse transcriptase activity. These results strongly suggest that these compounds may prove to be useful in the treatment of patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex.
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PMID:Inhibition of replication of the etiologic agent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (human T-lymphotropic retrovirus/lymphadenopathy-associated virus) by avarol and avarone. 243 42

Isolation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) was attempted from the tears of seven patients with ARC. For two of these patients the fluid from cell cultures showed significant reverse transcriptase activity. One strain was maintained on C.E.M. (T lymphocytes cell line). Indirect fixed cell immuno fluorescence and Western Blot tests have shown this strain to be a HIV. This result confirms other already published data. Although there is no evidence of transmission through tears, the presence of the virus should not be forgotten.
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PMID:[Isolation of LAV/HTLV III from tears of patients with the ARC syndrome]. 244 Sep 38

An enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was developed for detection of human immunodeficiency virus antigen (HIV Ag) in tissue culture supernatants. The assay was found to be specific for HIV and cheaper, easier to perform and more sensitive than the generally used reverse transcriptase (RT) assay. Cultures of peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL) from 106 patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), AIDS related complex (ARC), healthy anti-HIV positive subjects and healthy anti-HIV negative subjects were held for 35 days and the supernatant fluid tested at regular intervals by EIA and RT. Of these 106 cultures, the presence of HIV was detected by EIA in 27 and by RT in 21. While six cultures were positive by EIA alone, none were positive by RT alone; the specificity of the results in the six EIA positive RT negative cultures was confirmed by subculture. In the 21 cultures in which HIV was detected by both techniques, the EIA became positive first on 10 occasions; in the remaining cultures both tests became positive at the same time. The HIV Ag assay reduces the time taken to process specimens and thus increases the efficiency and reduces the cost of isolation procedures.
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PMID:Comparison of enzyme immunoassay and reverse transcriptase assay for detection of HIV in culture supernates. 244 72

The Fairfield Hospital experience with isolation of HIV from peripheral blood leucocytes, cerebrospinal fluid and semen is described. To date HIV has been isolated from single specimens of blood from 45% of patients with AIDS, 35% of patients with lymphadenopathy syndrome AIDS-related complex or ARC and 14% of asymptomatic antibody positive individuals. HIV was recovered from peripheral blood leucocytes in the presence of phytohemagglutinin and interleukin-2. The presence of virus in the supernatant fluid was detected using reverse transcriptase and immunofluorescence assays. Supernatants with borderline activity were confirmed by infection of a continuous cell line.
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PMID:Isolation of HIV from Australian patients with AIDS, AIDS related conditions and healthy antibody positive individuals. 245 95

The 1st isolation of HIV in Israel is recorded in the report. Out of 11 homosexual men with antibodies to HIV, the virus was found in 7 of the men. In addition, the virus was found in a seropositive woman with ARC who was the wife of a bisexual patient. The isolation of HIV appeared more efficient in ARC or LAS patients. Isolation of HIV is done through cocultivation of the patient's peripheral lymphocytes with HUT-78 cells or with phytohemagglutinin-stimulated normal cord blood lymphocytes. Because of the unique characteristics of HIV, a reverse transcriptase activity, cytopathic effects on target T-lymphocyte and syncytium of giant and multinucleated cells, identification of the virus was based on the detection of these qualities. HIV antibodies located by immunoassays and immunofluorescence. The virus was isolated in 50% of the AIDS patients, 85% of ARC patients and 60% of LAS patients. Knowing the characters of currently isolated strains of HIV will help researchers to understand the initial stages and movement of the disease through Israel and help them develop steps towards its control.
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PMID:Isolation of HIV from Israeli patients and asymptomatic carriers. 245 84


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