Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.7.7.48 (transcriptase)
 9,479 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily members and their cell-surface receptors may play inductive and/or regulatory roles in tooth development and repair. It will be important to identify the complete set of TGF-beta superfamily receptors, to examine their temporal and spatial localization during tooth development, and to elucidate the cascade of molecular events of tooth formation induced by the TGF-beta superfamily. In this report, we have cloned the cDNAs encoding potential receptors for TGF-beta superfamily members in rat incisor pulp and bovine adult pulp which are regarded as embryonic and adult pulp, respectively. We analyzed poly (A)+ RNA from rat incisor pulp and bovine adult pulp by reverse-transcriptase/polymerase chain-reaction (RT-PCR), using a degenerate primers corresponding to the most conserved amino acid sequences in the intracellular serine/threonine kinase of type I or type II like kinase-1 (ALK-1), ALK-2, ALK-3 (bone morphogenetic protein receptor type IA, BMPR-IA), ALK-4 (B1), ALK-5, ALK-6 (BMPR-IB), and BMPR-II (BMP type II receptor) was found to be in dental pulp. Northern blot analysis further detected TGF-beta type II receptor (T beta R-II) mRNA transcript in addition to the above-identified receptors. These results provide the first evidence of multiple type I and type II receptors for TGF-beta s, activins, and BMPs expressed in embryonic and adult pulp, implicating diverse function in tooth development and pulp tissue repair.
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PMID:Expression of TGF-beta superfamily receptors in dental pulp. 929 89

Activins and inhibins, members of the transforming growth factor-beta family are able to stimulate and inhibit, respectively, FSH synthesis and release. Other members of this superfamily, the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), may also affect FSH synthesis in the mouse. The aim of this work was to determine whether BMPs are expressed in the ovine pituitary and whether they play a role in the regulation of FSH release. The mRNAs encoding BMP-2, BMP-4, BMP-7 and the oocyte-derived growth factor, growth differentiation factor (GDF)-9 were detected in the pituitaries of cyclic ewes by reverse-transcriptase PCR, as well as the mRNAs encoding the BMP type I receptors, BMPR-IA (activin-receptor-like kinase (ALK)-3) and BMPR-IB (ALK-6), and type II receptors (BMPR-II). Immunolabeling of pituitary sections revealed the presence of BMPR-IA (ALK-3) and BMPR-II in gonadotrope cells. To investigate the potential effects of BMPs on FSH secretion, ewe pituitary cell cultures were treated with BMP-4 (10(-11) M to 10(-9) M) for 48 h. Interestingly, FSH release was decreased in a dose-dependent manner. At 10(-9) M BMP-4 both FSH concentration and FSHbeta mRNA expression were reduced by 40% of control values. In contrast, there was no inhibitory effect on either LH or LHbeta mRNA expression. A similar result was found with BMP-6. BMP-4 triggered the phosphorylation of Smad1, suggesting that the effect of BMP-4 on FSH secretion is due to the activation of the BMPs signaling pathway. Furthermore, BMP-4 blocked the stimulatory effect of activin on both FSH release and FSHbeta mRNA and amplified the suppression of FSH release and FSHbeta mRNA levels induced by 17beta-estradiol. These results indicate that a functional BMP system operates within the sheep pituitary, at least in vitro, to decrease FSH release and to modulate the effect of activin.
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PMID:BMP-4 inhibits follicle-stimulating hormone secretion in ewe pituitary. 1600 41