Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.7.48 (transcriptase)
 9,479 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eotaxin participation was analyzed during types 1 and 2 lung granuloma formation induced by embolizing Sepharose beads coupled to purified protein derivative (PPD) of Mycobacterium bovis or soluble Ags derived from Schistosoma mansoni eggs. Eotaxin was monitored by protein ELISA and semiquantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR mRNA analysis. Both types 1 and 2 granulomas released eotaxin, but levels were sixfold greater (on day 4) in the type 2 than for the type 1 or foreign body granulomas. Transcripts for eotaxin, IL-4, and CCR3 (eotaxin receptor) were also enhanced during type 2 granuloma formation. Anti-IL-4 treatment impaired eotaxin mRNA in lungs with type 2 granulomas, indicating that IL-4 promoted local eotaxin expression. In vivo, anti-eotaxin treatment caused modest reductions in the size of both types 1 and 2 lesions, with negligible effect on eosinophil recruitment. Surprisingly, anti-eotaxin treatment abrogated IFN-gamma-producing cells in regional lymph nodes during the type 1 PPD response. Lymph nodes draining both types 1 and 2 lesions showed enhanced CCR3 mRNA, but this followed the time of maximum eotaxin protein and mRNA expression. Correlative, in vitro studies revealed that graded doses of eotaxin increased IFN-gamma production from PPD-sensitive regional lymph node cultures, while monocyte-chemotactic protein-1, an important macrophage chemoattractant, had the opposite effect. These findings indicate that eotaxin expression is not limited to type 2 hypersensitivity granulomas, but also promotes IFN-gamma production during mycobacterial responses.
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PMID:Expression and participation of eotaxin during mycobacterial (type 1) and schistosomal (type 2) antigen-elicited granuloma formation. 978 Feb 3

Drosophila ecdysone-induced protein 78 (E78) belongs to the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily, it plays a role directly related to ecdysone signaling. We isolated a cDNA of Drosophila E78 orthologue from the Platyhelminth Schistosoma mansoni (SmE78). It is the first E78 orthologue known outside of the molting animals--the Ecdysozoa. The SmE78 cDNA is 3471 base pairs long and contains an entire open reading frame (ORF) encoding a 1087 amino acid protein. Phylogenetic analysis of the ligand-binding domain (LBD) demonstrates that the LBD of SmE78 is phylogenetically related to the Drosophila E78. Gene structure of SmE78 was determined showing it to consist of six exons spanning more than 32 kbp. Quantitative real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) demonstrated that SmE78 was expressed throughout schistosome development but with the highest levels of expression in miracidia and egg stage. The result is consistent with the previous studies that Ecdysterone was effective in stimulating host location activities in miracidia. The data suggest that SmE78 may be involved in transduction of an ecdysone signal in S. mansoni.
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PMID:Schistosoma mansoni: SmE78, a nuclear receptor orthologue of Drosophila ecdysone-induced protein 78. 1843 Apr 21

A cDNA encoding a member of nuclear receptor subfamily 4 (SmNR4A) was isolated from the trematode Schistosoma mansoni. The open reading frame (ORF) of SmNR4A cDNA is 2481 base pairs long encoding an 827 amino acid protein. Alignment of the deduced protein sequence showed the DNA binding domain (DBD) of SmNR4A is highly conserved. Like human and Drosophila members in NR subfamily 4, SmNR4A possess an atypical ligand binding domain (LBD), the conserved lysine in helix H3 is replaced by a glutamic acid, and three of the four phenylalanines which fill the entire surface of the ligand binding pocket (LBP) are conserved in SmNR4A. A phylogenetic tree of SmNR4A was constructed using the conserved protein sequence of the DBD, the C-terminal-extension of DBD (CTE) and the LBD. The results show that the SmNR4A is a member of NR subfamily 4 from S. mansoni. The SmNR4A gene contains six exons spanning more than 50kbp. The relative mRNA expression levels of SmNR4A were evaluated in 14 different developmental stages by quantitative real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR). The results demonstrated that SmNR4A expression was regulated throughout development. It was highly expressed in daughter sporocysts and 35-day worms, but barely expressed in cercariae and 1-h and 3-day schistosomules.
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PMID:Schistosoma mansoni: identification of SmNR4A, a member of nuclear receptor subfamily 4. 1868 51