Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.7.7.48 (transcriptase)
 9,479 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cytochemical staining of monocyte-specific esterase (MSE) is widely used for identification of the monocytic lineage in leukaemias. Deficiency of this enzymatic activity occurs as a familial trait and the deficiency has been shown to occur with greater frequency in patients with lymphoproliferative or gastrointestinal malignant neoplastic diseases than in normal blood donors. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), sequencing and quantification by Northern blot analysis was conducted on the MSE mRNA of 12 subjects with monocyte esterase deficiency (MED) and seven MSE-positive subjects to examine whether mutations were present or whether the defect was quantitative. Mutations were not found in the mRNA sequences. However, MED subjects had significantly less MSE mRNA than MSE-positive subjects (P = 0.001). These findings show that deficiency of monocyte esterase activity in MED is not as a result of the presence of inactive isoenzymes and may be owing to an abnormality in the regulation of mRNA production.
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PMID:Quantitative deficiency of monocyte-specific esterase (MSE) mRNA in monocyte esterase deficiency (MED). 1099 83

We present a group of 18 illegal immigrant stowaways who arrived in a shipboard cargo container suffering from gastroenteritis, dehydration, and malnutrition and showing evidence of viral myocarditis in 3 of 4 fatalities. Our investigation included an evaluation of the 2-week ocean voyage, analysis of medical records and laboratory results of the survivors, autopsies on the decedents, and viral studies on their heart tissue. Of 3 stowaways who died shipboard, 2 showed lymphocytic myocarditis and 1 could not be evaluated histologically due to decomposition. A fourth stowaway died 4 months after arrival with dilated cardiomyopathy and lymphocytic myocarditis. Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and nucleotide sequencing of viral isolates from the decedents' heart tissues demonstrated Coxsackie virus B3 genome. We believe that these cases represent an outbreak of viral myocarditis, exacerbated by acute dehydration and malnutrition, due to confinement within the shipping container. Our evidence indicates that close confinement promoted the spread of the virus, and nutritional deprivation increased the stowaways' vulnerability. Furthermore, our observations support the conclusion, based on experimental studies, that nutritionally induced oxidative stress increased the virulence of the etiologic viral agent. In summary, these cases represent a potential infectious disease hazard of illegal immigration.
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PMID:Unexpected hazard of illegal immigration: Outbreak of viral myocarditis exacerbated by confinement and deprivation in a shipboard cargo container. 1516 61

Recent increases in access to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) have made the management of drug toxicities an increasingly crucial component of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care in developing countries. The spectrum of adverse effects related to HAART in developing countries may differ from that in developed countries because of the high prevalence of conditions such as anemia, malnutrition, and tuberculosis and frequent initial presentation with advanced HIV disease. The severity of adverse effects may vary as a result of host genetics and diagnostic delays attributable to inadequate laboratory monitoring. This article reviews current knowledge about toxicities related to HAART in resource-limited regions, which are in the process of rapid treatment scale-up. We conclude that initiating HAART before advanced immunosuppression, titrating doses in single-pill drug combinations to differences in patients' body weights, providing more intensive laboratory monitoring during the initial months of therapy, and providing access to less-toxic nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors may decrease the incidence of toxicities related to HAART in resource-limited regions.
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PMID:Adverse effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy in developing countries. 1787 31

Autophagy emerges as an essential immunity defense against intracellular pathogens. Here we report that turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) infection activates autophagy in plants and that Beclin1 (ATG6), a core component of autophagy, inhibits virus replication. Beclin1 interacts with NIb, the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of TuMV, via the highly conserved GDD motif and the interaction complex is targeted for autophagic degradation likely through the adaptor protein ATG8a. Beclin1-mediated NIb degradation is inhibited by autophagy inhibitors. Deficiency of Beclin1 or ATG8a enhances NIb accumulation and promotes viral infection and vice versa. These data suggest that Beclin1 may be a selective autophagy receptor. Overexpression of a Beclin1 truncation mutant that binds to NIb but lacks the ability to mediate NIb degradation also inhibits virus replication. The Beclin1-RdRp interaction further extends to several RNA viruses. Thus Beclin1 restricts viral infection through suppression and also likely autophagic degradation of the viral RdRp.
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PMID:Beclin1 restricts RNA virus infection in plants through suppression and degradation of the viral polymerase. 2959 93