Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.7.48 (transcriptase)
 9,479 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An outbreak of acute gastroenteritis occurred in the nurses' hostel of a civil hospital in Delhi, after a farewell party involving 130 nurses and some of the housekeeping staff. All affected persons had eaten salad sandwiches at the party. Stool samples were collected from six of these patients on the second day of infection. All six samples, when tested for the presence of common bacteria, parasites, and rotavirus, were found to be negative. The clinical features of this outbreak matched the criteria set for outbreaks caused by Norwalk-like viruses (NLVs). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was carried out on these six samples, using primers from the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene of NLVs. Immunoelectron microscopy was carried out on two of the samples, using convalescent phase serum. All six samples were positive for genogroup (GG) II NLVs by RT-nested PCR. Aggregates of 32-nm viral particles were visualized by immunoelectron microscopy in one of the two samples. Sequencing of the RdRp gene was done on amplicons from three samples; phylogenetic analysis placed the isolates NDV/1999 in a Toronto virus cluster of GG II NLVs. This is the first report of a food-borne outbreak attributable to NLVs from India.
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PMID:Foodborne outbreak caused by a Norwalk-like virus in India. 1211 11

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APML) is a well-characterized malignancy with typical clinico-hematological and molecular features. However, Indian data on this malignancy are limited. This study was conducted to determine the clinico-hematological profile of APML in India. Thirty-five patients with APML presenting to Hematology Department, AIIMS, New Delhi, between July 2003 and June 2005 were evaluated for presenting clinical features, hemogram, peripheral smear, bone marrow morphology and cytochemistry. Reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) for PML-RARalpha was done in all cases. Male-to-female ratio was 0.9:1 (males--17 and females--18) with median age 25 years (range 11-57 years). Presenting features included anemia, bleeding, fever, gum hypertrophy and scrotal ulceration. All cases showed hypergranular abnormal promyelocytes. Median hemoglobin was 6.3 g/dL (range - 3.0-9.0 g/dL), total leukocyte count (TLC) was 33.88 x 10(9) /L (range - 1-170 x 10(9) /L). Platelet count was 28 x 10(9) /L (range - 4-170 x 10(9) /L). All cases were positive for myeloperoxidase and sudan black (SB), whereas 60% cases also showed non specific esterase (NSE) positivity with 40% cases being fluoride sensitive. RT-PCR showed PML-RARalpha in 33/35 cases with the bcr3 isoform being present in 24/33 positive cases (72.7%). The two cases negative for PML-RARalpha showed typical morphology and responded to ATRA. On statistical analysis, no correlation was found between bcr isoform and TLC, platelet count, age sex and early death. Unusual features included gum hypertrophy and scrotal ulceration at presentation and high median presenting TLC (33.8 x 10(9) /L). There was, however, no microgranular variant. Another interesting feature was a high incidence of NSE positivity (60%), which was fluoride sensitive in 40%. Moreover, the bcr3 isoform was significantly overexpressed (72.7%) in comparison to other studies. APML in India has certain unusual features, which may reflect a different biology.
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PMID:Does acute promyelocytic leukemia in Indian patients have biology different from the West? 1872 85

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is one of the most important viral pathogen infecting several plant species in India. Five isolates of CMV obtained from cucumber, muskmelon, tobacco and tomato from distinct geographical locations in India were analysed based on host-reactions and genome sequence. The majority of the isolates were very similar and only two isolates, Tfr-In and Tss-In showed distinct symptoms in tomato and high sequence diversity (77.8%) in coat protein (CP) gene. Tfr-In was isolated from tomato fruit showing grey patches in Aurangabad and Tss-In from tomato plant showing shoe-string symptoms in New Delhi. The RNA-3 genomes of Tfr-In (2,214 nt; JF279606), shared only 70.3% nucleotide sequence identity with Tss-In (2,178 nt; JF279605. The complete RNA-3 genome of Tss-In and Tfr-In were compared with that of 65 CMV isolates reported from various plants of the world, which formed four distinct subclades-IA, -IB, -IC and -II. The Tfr-In isolate clustered with the CMV subgroup-IB and Tss-In with the subgroup-II. The comparison of the RNA-3 sequence of both the isolates revealed maximum heterogeneity in the intergenic region (IR). Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) based detection of CMV subgroup-I and -II was developed designing primers from flanking IR region. The specificity of the RT-PCR detection was confirmed using Tfr-In and Tss-In representing subgroup-I and -II and validated with field samples of tomato, cucurbits and chilli. This is the first report of complete RNA-3 of subgroup-IB CMV causing grey patches in tomato fruit and subgroup-II CMV causing shoe-string symptoms in tomato in India. The present and previous studies together showed that tomato in India was affected by multiple strains of CMV.
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PMID:Biological and Molecular Characterization of Two Distinct Tomato Strains of Cucumber mosaic virus Based on Complete RNA-3 Genome and Subgroup Specific Diagnosis. 2363 13

RNA silencing is an integral part of the cellular defense mechanisms in plants that act against virus infection. However, the specific role of RNA silencing and the interplay between host and virus components during recovery from geminivirus infection remains unknown. Hence, in this study we aimed to examine the mechanism behind the host-specific recovery of Nicotiana tabacum infected with Tomato leaf curl Gujarat virus (ToLCGV). Unlike Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV), ToLCGV infection resulted in symptom remission in N. tabacum, and we found that this was mainly due to cross-talk between the pre-coat protein (encoded by the AV2 ORF) of the virus and the host RNA-silencing component RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 1 (encoded by NtRDR1) of N. tabacum. Moreover, apart from the AV2 mutant, other mutants of ToLCNDV developed severe symptoms on a transgenic NtRDR1-overexpression line of N. benthamiana. In contrast, inoculation with ToLCGV resulted in symptom remission, which was due to enhanced methylation of the ToLCGV promoter. Our study reveals a novel 'arms race' in which the pre-coat protein of ToLCNDV selectively blocks the recovery process through inhibiting host-specific RDR1-mediated antiviral silencing in tobacco.
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PMID:Dynamics of a geminivirus-encoded pre-coat protein and host RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 1 in regulating symptom recovery in tobacco. 2943 46