Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.7.7.48 (transcriptase)
 9,479 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Factor XIIIa-positive dendrocytes are abundant within the dermis and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various disorders, including AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma. Purified cultures of factor XIIIa-positive normal dermal dendrocytes have not as yet been achieved. 12E2 is a cloned cell line derived from superficial murine dermis where factor XIIIa-positive dendrocytes are abundant. Subconfluent cultures of 12E2 demonstrate polydendritic cell contours with thin, elongated membranous projections. These cells express Factor XIIIa and VCAM-1 by immunohistochemistry and by Western blot analysis of 12E2 cell lysates. 12E2 cells also constitutively express the Langerhans-cell-related epitope DEC-205, detected by NLDC-145 antibody and the CD80 co-stimulatory molecule, as well as Ia antigen on exposure to interferon-gamma. Cells so treated exhibit significant ability to present alloantigens in vitro. 12E2 cells are shown to express mRNA for numerous cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor, by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction followed by Southern blot hybridization. Microinjection of 12E2 cells, but not 3T3control fibroblasts, into footpads of syngeneic and SCID mice results in lesions that mimic the histology and immunohistochemistry of human Kaposi's sarcoma. In aggregate, these data indicate that 12E2 cells 1) share lineage characteristics with factor XIIIa-positive dermal dendrocytes, 2) produce mRNA for numerous cytokines and are cytokine responsive to interferon-gamma, and 3) behave in vivo in a manner that resembles Kaposi's sarcoma, a condition known to involve proliferation of human dermal dendrocytes.
 ...
PMID:12E2: a cloned murine dermal cell with features of dermal dendrocytes and capacity to produce pathologic changes resembling early Kaposi's sarcoma. 1457 82

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is a causative agent of hand, foot, and mouth disease and is also associated with serious neurological disorders. An attenuated EV71 strain [EV71(S1-3')] has been established in the cynomolgus monkey infection model; this strain contains the attenuation determinants derived from the type 1 poliovirus vaccine strain, Sabin 1 [PV1(Sabin)], in the 5' nontranslated region (NTR), 3D polymerase, and 3' NTR. In this study, we analyzed the effect of the attenuation determinants of PV1(Sabin) on EV71 infection in a NOD/SCID mouse infection model. We isolated a mouse-adapted EV71 strain [EV71(NOD/SCID)] that causes paralysis of the hind limbs in 3- to 4-week-old NOD/SCID mice by adaptation of the virulent EV71(Nagoya) strain in the brains of NOD/SCID mice. A single mutation at nucleotide 2876 that caused an amino acid change in capsid protein VP1 (change of the glycine at position 145 to glutamic acid) was essential for the mouse-adapted phenotype in NOD/SCID mice. Next, we introduced attenuation determinants derived from PV1(Sabin) along with the mouse adaptation mutation into the EV71(Nagoya) genome. In 4-week-old mice, the determinants in the 3D polymerase and 3' NTR, which are the major temperature-sensitive determinants, had a strong effect on attenuation. In contrast, the effect of individual determinants was weak in 3-week-old NOD/SCID mice, and all the determinants were required for substantial attenuation. These results suggest that a cooperative effect of the attenuation determinants of PV1(Sabin) is essential for attenuated neurovirulence of EV71.
 ...
PMID:Cooperative effect of the attenuation determinants derived from poliovirus sabin 1 strain is essential for attenuation of enterovirus 71 in the NOD/SCID mouse infection model. 1805 46

Live pentavalent human-bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine is recommended in the United States for routine immunization of infants. We describe three infants, two with failure to thrive, who had dehydration and diarrhea within 1 month after their first or second rotavirus immunization and subsequently received a diagnosis of severe combined immunodeficiency. Rotavirus was detected, by means of reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) assay, in stool specimens obtained from all three infants, and gene-sequence analysis revealed the presence of vaccine rotavirus. These infections raise concerns regarding the safety of rotavirus vaccine in severely immunocompromised patients.
 ...
PMID:Vaccine-acquired rotavirus in infants with severe combined immunodeficiency. 2010 17

In order to find a suppressor(s) of tumor progression in vivo for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), we searched for molecules downregulated in HNSCC cells when the cells were treated with epidermal growth factor (EGF), whose receptor is frequently overactivated in HNSCC. The expression of BRAK, which is also known as CXC chemokine ligand 14 (CXCL14), was downregulated significantly by the treatment of HNSCC cells with EGF as observed by cDNA microarray analysis followed by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis and western blotting. The EGF effect on the expression of CXCL14/BRAK was attenuated by the copresence of inhibitors of the EGF receptor, MEK, and ERK. The rate of tumor formation in vivo of BRAK-expressing vector-transfected tumor cells in athymic nude mice or SCID mice was significantly lower than that of mock vector-transfected ones. In addition tumors formed in vivo by the BRAK-expressing cells were significantly smaller than those of the mock-transfected ones. These results indicate that CXCL14/BRAK is a chemokine having suppressive activity toward tumor progression of HNSCC in vivo. Our approach will be useful to find new target molecules to suppress progression of tumors of various origins in addition to HNSCC.
 ...
PMID:A New Strategy to Find Targets for Anticancer Therapy: Chemokine CXCL14/BRAK Is a Multifunctional Tumor Suppressor for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. 2376 19


<< Previous 1 2