Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.7.7.48 (transcriptase)
 9,479 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Human rhinoviruses (HRVs), which are the most frequent causative agents of acute upper respiratory tract infections, are abundant worldwide. We have identified HRV strains in environmental specimens collected in Finland, Latvia and Slovakia during the surveillance of polio- and other enteroviruses. These acid-sensitive HRV strains were isolated under conditions optimized for growth of most of the enteroviruses, i.e. in stationary human rhabdomyosarcoma cells incubated at 36 degrees C. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequences derived from the partial 5' non-coding region and the capsid region coding for proteins VP4/VP2 and VP1 showed that the HRV field strains clustered together with prototype strains of the HRV minor receptor group. Partial sequences of the 3D polymerase coding region generally followed this pattern, with the exception of a set of three HRV field strains that formed a subcluster not close to any of the established HRV-A types, suggesting that recombination may have occurred during evolution of these HRV strains. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP4/VP2 capsid protein coding region showed that the 'environmental' HRV field strains were practically identical to HRV strains recently sequenced by others in Australia, the United States and Japan. Analysis of amino acids corresponding to the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 receptor footprint in major receptor group HRVs and also in the low-density lipoprotein receptor footprint of minor receptor group HRVs showed conservation of the 'minor receptor group-like' amino acids, indicating that the field strains may have maintained their minor receptor group specificity.
 ...
PMID:Molecular characterization of human rhinovirus field strains isolated during surveillance of enteroviruses. 1926 16

Pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma (PRMS) is a rare variant of rhabdomyosarcoma that occurs mostly in adults. A few cytogenetic studies of PRMS have been reported, but no consistent specific chromosome aberrations were detected. We herein report a cytogenetic study of three cases of pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma using a conventional G-banded karyotyping analysis. The three cases appeared to exhibit an extremely complex karyotype with numeric and structural rearrangements. Although the three cases displayed several common aberrations, including -2, -4, -9, -13, -14, -15, -19, -21, add(X)(p11), add(1)(q11), add(7)(p11), and add(13)(p11), no recurrent characteristic chromosomal aberrations could be detected. In addition, among these cases and seven other cases of previously reported PRMS, the most frequent chromosomal alterations were -2, -13, -14, -15, -16, and -19. No obviously consistent structural alterations can be found in these 10 PRMS cases, however, thereby suggesting that it is difficult to confirm whether these complex karyotypes correlated with the diagnosis or clinical outcome in PRMS. In this study, we detected MyoD1 and myogenin gene transcripts at the mRNA level in four cases of PRMS together with other soft-tissue sarcomas, including seven cases of malignant fibrous hitiocytoma, five cases of liposacroma, and three cases of leiomyosacroma using a real-time quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. High-level expressions of MyoD1 and myogenin gene transcripts were determined in all cases of PRMS. In contrast, the other non-PRMS sarcomas showed either no expression or extremely weak expressions for both genes. Our findings suggest that the detections of MyoD1 and myogenin transcripts using real-time quantitative RT-PCR, combined with immunohistochemical stains, are extremely sensitive and useful for the diagnosis of PRMS.
 ...
PMID:Cytogenetic and real-time quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analyses in pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma. 1948 Sep 30

The purpose of our study was to investigate the prevalence of the PAX3/7-FKHR fusion genes and quantify the IGF2 gene expression in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) samples. Soft tissue sarcomas account 5% of childhood cancers and 50% of them are RMS. Morphological evaluation of pediatric RMS has defined two histological subtypes, embryonal (ERMS) and alveolar (ARMS). Chromosomal analyses have demonstrated two translocations associated with ARMS, resulting in the PAX3/7-FKHR rearrangements. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is extremely useful in the diagnosis of ARMS positive for these rearrangements. Additionally, several studies have shown a significant involvement of IGF pathway in the pathogenesis of RMS. The presence of PAX3/7-FKHR gene fusions was studied in 25 RMS samples from patients attending the IOP-GRAACC/UNIFESP and three RMS cell lines by RT-PCR. IGF2 gene expression was quantified by qPCR and related with clinic pathological parameters. Of the 25 samples, nine (36%) were ARMS and 16 (64%) were ERMS. PAX3/7-FKHR gene fusions expression was detected in 56% of ARMS tumor samples. IGF2 overexpression was observed in 80% of samples and could indicate an important role of this pathway in RMS biology.
 ...
PMID:Investigation of PAX3/7-FKHR fusion genes and IGF2 gene expression in rhabdomyosarcoma tumors. 2307 86

Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) represents an emerging pathogen which has demonstrated a capacity for causing epidemic illness in pediatric and immunocompromised patients. With no effective antiviral treatment available, therapeutic interventions are currently limited to supportive care. Utilizing available genomic sequences from the 2014 B3 Epidemic EV-D68 clade and the 1962 Fermon EV-D68 strains, we performed in silico comparative genomic analysis, identifying several islands of phylogenetic conservation within the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene. The effects of transfecting short-interfering double-stranded RNA (siRNA) molecules targeting these conserved sequences were tested in vitro using a human rhabdomyosarcoma cell-based model of EV-D68 infection. Two siRNA sequences demonstrated reproducible ability to abrogate EV-D68-mediated cytopathic effect in vitro. These siRNA sequences were also able to decrease EV-D68 genome replication, VP-2 capsid protein expression, and infectious particle production in vitro. EV-D68 knockdown was sequence-specific and not observed in cells treated with a negative control siRNA lacking sequence homology to the viral genome. The regions targeted by these siRNA's are located in highly conserved regions of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene. The most potent siRNA targeted a sequence found in subsequent enzyme crystallographic studies to enhance the enzyme's thermostability (Wang et al., 2017). Topical nebulized siRNAs have recently been utilized as antivirals in human studies, with no adverse effects or toxicities noted (Gottlieb et al., 2016). Sequence selection is likely one primary factor determining the potential efficacy of such therapeutics. These results demonstrate that the identified siRNA sequences are able to suppress EV-D68 replication and cytopathic effect in vitro.
 ...
PMID:Susceptibility of Enterovirus-D68 to RNAi-mediated antiviral knockdown. 3133 48


<< Previous 1 2