Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.7.48 (transcriptase)
 9,479 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The present study evaluates the expression of genes of Giardia lamblia, one of the most simple and most early diverging eukaryotes, that encode the metabolic enzymes pyruvate: ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR), acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACS), alcohol dehydrogenase E (ADHE) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and the cyst wall protein (CWP1) gene in trophozoites, cysts and during the excystation process. Primers were designed to amplify mRNA fragments through quantitative reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction. In trophozoites, all transcripts of the enzymes studied were present. In cysts, three of the transcripts were detected: CWP1, GDH and ACS; but the relative levels of the mRNA of GDH and ACS were very different between trophozoites and cysts. During excystation, PFOR and ADHE transcripts appeared after the first induction phase, and the mRNAs of ACS and GDH increased throughout the process.
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PMID:Transcription of metabolic enzyme genes during the excystation of Giardia lamblia. 1466 85

We cloned two full-length alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) cDNAs from the liver tissue of adult Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). The coding regions spanned 1134 and 1137 nucleotides (nt) and the deduced amino acid sequences shared 63.6% identity between them. Phylogenetic analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence data identified the 1137nt as an orthologue of mammalian Adh5 (Class III) and the 1134 nt as an ortholog of zebrafish Adh8 genes. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis further showed that adult medaka Adh5 mRNA was expressed in all the organs tested (brain, eye, gill, GI, heart, liver, kidney, muscle, skin, spleen, testis and ovary) while Adh8 mRNA showed tissue-specific expression (eye, GI, liver, kidney, muscle and skin). Comparison of the Adh5 and Adh8 mRNA expression in eye, gill, liver, kidney and skin indicate that Adh8 mRNA copy numbers are higher in all these tissues compared to Adh5 mRNA expression. Both Adh5 and Adh8 mRNAs are expressed during embryonic development with Adh5 mRNA transcripts present with very high copy number throughout the development. However, Adh8 mRNA is expressed in very low copy numbers initially ( approximately 1 h post fertilization; hpf) but begin to increase from 48 hpf to a level of approximately 200-fold higher at hatching. Therefore, it appears that in Japanese medaka, the expression of Adh8 mRNA, not Adh5 mRNA, is developmentally regulated.
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PMID:Expression of Adh8 mRNA is developmentally regulated in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). 1576 21

Activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSC) play a central role in the pathogenesis of pancreatic fibrosis, a common feature of chronic pancreatitis which is often caused by excessive alcohol consumption. In view of the central role of connective tissue growth factor (CCN2) in fibrosis, we investigated the mechanisms by which CCN2 is regulated in PSC following their exposure to ethanol or acetaldehyde. Primary cultures of PSC from Balb/c mice were treated with 0-50 mM ethanol or 0-200 microM acetaldehyde in the presence or absence of 4-methylpyrazole (4MP; an inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase), diallyl sulfide (DAS; an inhibitor of cytochrome P4502E1) or anti-oxidant catalase or vitamin D. CCN2 production, assessed by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction to measure CCN2 mRNA levels or by fluorescence activated cell sorting to assess CCN2 protein, was enhanced in a dose-dependent manner by ethanol or acetaldehyde. In the presence of 4MP, DAS, or the anti-oxidants vitamin D or catalase, there was a substantial decrease in the ability of ethanol to stimulate CCN2 mRNA expression and a concomitant decrease in CCN2-positive PSC. Accumulation of reactive oxygen species in PSC after exposure to ethanol was verified by loading the cells with dichlorofluorescin diacetate and showing that there was a stimulation of its oxidized fluorescent product, the latter of which was diminished in the presence of catalase or vitamin D. These results show the production of acetaldehyde and oxidant stress in mouse PSC are the cause of increased CCN2 mRNA and protein production after exposure of the cells to ethanol. The potential therapeutic effects of inhibitors of ethanol metabolism or anti-oxidants in alcoholic pancreatitis may arise in part through their ability to attenuate CCN2 production by PSC.
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PMID:Ethanol-mediated expression of connective tissue growth factor (CCN2) in mouse pancreatic stellate cells. 1928 Apr 52