Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.7.7.48 (transcriptase)
 9,479 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Astroviruses cause outbreaks of diarrhea in children attending day care centers (DCCs). Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was compared with EIA detection of astrovirus in stool specimens to characterize further the molecular epidemiology of an outbreak of astrovirus-associated gastroenteritis. Three hundred sixty-eight stool specimens collected prospectively from 36 children enrolled in a DCC during an 11-week outbreak of diarrhea were evaluated by EIA and RT-PCR. Astrovirus was detected in 32% of specimens by RT-PCR versus 10% by EIA (P < .001) and in 89% of children by RT-PCR versus 50% by EIA. The median duration of astrovirus excretion episodes detected by EIA was 1.5 days versus 4 days by RT-PCR (P = .06). Astrovirus was excreted for prolonged periods by immunocompetent children during this outbreak. RT-PCR was more sensitive than EIA for detection of astrovirus in stool specimens and redefined the epidemiology of astrovirus infection in this setting.
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PMID:Virologic features of an astrovirus diarrhea outbreak in a day care center revealed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. 759

Human caliciviruses have been reported to be associated with both epidemics of acute diarrhoeal illness and with sporadic cases of gastroenteritis in children. In this study, we report the identification of genogroup II small round-structured viruses or human caliciviruses associated with an outbreak of winter vomiting disease in South Africa. The virus was initially identified by electron microscopic examination of the stools and then further characterised by recombinant immunoassay with expressed capsid proteins to human caliciviruses from genogroups I and II. Both antigenically by the EIA and by sequence analysis of a region of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene, the virus was shown to belong to genogroup II of the human Caliciviridae.
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PMID:Snow mountain-like virus identified in young children with winter vomiting disease in South Africa. 947 83

A reverse transcription-PCR and hybridization-enzyme immunoassay (RT-PCR-EIA) has been developed to identify the major agents of bronchiolitis in infants: respiratory syncytial viruses A and B (RSVA and RSVB) and parainfluenzavirus 3 (PIV3). Two primer sets (P1-P2 and P1-P3) were selected in a conserved region of the polymerase L gene. In infected cell cultures, this method detected RSVA (n = 14), RSVB (n = 13), and PIV3 (n = 13), with the exclusion of PIV1 (n = 4), PIV2 (n = 3), measles virus (n = 6), mumps virus (n = 4), influenza A virus (n = 11), and influenza B virus (n = 4). The differentiation of the amplicons by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) showed a PvuII site for PIV3 strains and an AvaII site for RSV strains, with RSVA distinguished from RSVB by BglII. The hybridization-EIA, using three internal probes specific for each virus, correlated with the immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and RFLP results. Clinical aspirates from 261 infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis were tested by IFA, viral isolation technique (VIT), and RT-PCR-EIA. RT-PCR-EIA detected RSV sequences in 103 samples (39.4%), and IFA-VIT detected RSV sequences in 109 cases (41.7%). A few samples (2.6%) were IFA-VIT positive but PCR negative, and one sample was RT-PCR-EIA positive only. RT-PCR-EIA detected PIV3 sequences in 14 of the 15 IFA-VIT-positive isolates. The two methods showed very good correlation (96.9%), but RT-PCR-EIA was clearly more efficient in typing, leaving 5% non-A, non-B isolates, while IFA failed to resolve 23% of the isolates. The two methods contradicted each other for <5% of the isolates.
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PMID:Detection of respiratory syncytial virus A and B and parainfluenzavirus 3 sequences in respiratory tracts of infants by a single PCR with primers targeted to the L-polymerase gene and differential hybridization. 950 15

The human ov-serpin monocyte neutrophil elastase inhibitor (MNEI) is encoded by a single gene SERPINB1. It is a highly efficient inhibitor of neutrophil granule proteases. Four murine genes with high sequence identity with MNEI were identified and fully sequenced, and these were named EIA, EIB, EIC, and EID. EIA, EIB and EIC showed the same seven-exon gene structure as SERPINB1. However, EIC included an additional, alternatively spliced, exon due to the insertion of an endogenous retrovirus-like sequence. EID lacked several exons and is a pseudogene. Reverse transcriptase-PCR showed that EIA, like MNEI, is expressed at high levels in many tissues. EIB is mainly expressed in brain, and EIC was only expressed as splicing variants unlikely to encode a functional serpin. Upon incubation with serine proteases, EIA formed inhibitory covalent complexes with pancreatic and neutrophil elastases, cathepsin G, proteinase-3, and chymotrypsin, as previously shown for MNEI, whereas EIB was only able to do so with cathepsin G. According to the new serpin nomenclature, the genes encoding EIA, EIB, EIC, and EID will be called Serpinb1, Serpinb1b, Serpinb1c, and Serpinb1-ps1. These data demonstrate that the four murine homologs of MNEI have met different evolutionary fates, and that EIA is the mouse ortholog of MNEI.
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PMID:Characterization of four murine homologs of the human ov-serpin monocyte neutrophil elastase inhibitor MNEI (SERPINB1). 1218 54