Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Pivot Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Target Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Query: EC:2.7.13.3 (
histidine kinase
)
2,405
document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)
The dicarboximide fungicide class is commonly used to control Sclerotinia homoeocarpa, the causal agent of dollar spot on turfgrass. Despite frequent occurrences of S. homoeocarpa field resistance to iprodione (dicarboximide active ingredient), the genetic mechanisms of iprodione resistance have not been elucidated. In this study, 15 field isolates (seven suspected dicarboximide resistant, three multidrug resistance (MDR)-like, and five dicarboximide sensitive) were used for sequence comparison of a
histidine kinase
gene, Shos1, of S. homoeocarpa. The suspected dicarboximide-resistant isolates displayed nonsynonymous polymorphisms in codon 366 (isoleucine to
asparagine
) in Shos1, while the MDR-like and sensitive isolates did not. Further elucidation of the Shos1 function, using polyethylene glycol-mediated protoplast transformation indicated that S. homoeocarpa mutants (Shos1
I366N
) from a sensitive isolate gained resistance to dicarboximides but not phenylpyrrole and polyols. The deletion of Shos1 resulted in higher resistance to dicarboximide and phenylpyrrole and higher sensitivity to polyols than Shos1
I366N
. Levels of dicarboximide sensitivity in the sensitive isolate, Shos1
I366N
, and Shos1 deletion mutants were negatively correlated to values of iprodione-induced expression of ShHog1, the last kinase in the high-osmolarity glycerol pathway. Increased constitutive and induced expression of the ATP-binding cassette multidrug efflux transporter ShPDR1 was observed in six of seven dicarboximide-resistant isolates. In conclusion, S. homoeocarpa field isolates gained dicarboximide resistance through the polymorphism in Shos1 and the overexpression of ShPDR1.
...
PMID:Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Qualitative and Quantitative Resistance to the Dicarboximide Fungicide Iprodione in Sclerotinia homoeocarpa Field Isolates. 2764 97
One hundred and eight isolates of Botrytis cinerea from greenhouse cucumber and tomato in two locations in Jiangsu Province (Nanjing and Huaiyin) and one location in Shandong Province were tested for their sensitivities to the four fungicides commonly used in China. Isolates with resistance to all four fungicides-carbendazim, diethofencarb, procymidone, and pyrimethanil (Car
R
Die
R
Prc
R
Pyr
R
)-were found in all three regions in this study. High frequencies (52 and 53%) of resistance to all four fungicides were observed among the 62 isolates collected in Nanjing and the 36 isolates collected in Huaiyin in Jiangsu Province. The 10 isolates from Shandong Province were all resistant to the four fungicides. Pathogenicity and sporulation in vivo, and mycelial growth, sporulation, spore germination, and osmotic sensitivity to NaCl in vitro, were similar for the group of quadruple-resistant and wild-type isolates (P > 0.05). In the present study, the complete two-component
histidine kinase
gene (Bos1) was sequenced for 10 procymidone-resistant and 3 procymidone-sensitive B. cinerea isolates. Isolates representing four different procymidone-resistant phenotypes (Car
R
Die
S
Prc
R
Pyr
S
, Car
R
Die
R
Prc
R
Pyr
S
, Car
R
Die
R
Prc
R
Pyr
R
, and Car
R
Die
R
Prc
R
Pyr
R
) all had nucleic acid point mutations resulting in amino acid changes at position 369 (change from glutamine to proline) as well as at amino acid position 373 (
asparagine
to serine) in the Bos1 gene.
...
PMID:Multiple Resistance of Botrytis cinerea from Vegetable Crops to Carbendazim, Diethofencarb, Procymidone, and Pyrimethanil in China. 3075 66
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