Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.7.13.3 (histidine kinase)
 2,405 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Recently, multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii have been found to have a high capacity to form biofilm. It is well known that bacterial cells within biofilms are highly resistant to antibiotics, UV light, acid exposure, dehydration, and phagocytosis in comparison to their planktonic counterparts, which suggests that the cells in a biofilm have altered metabolic activity. To determine which proteins are up-regulated in A. baumannii biofilm cells, we performed a proteomic analysis. A clinical isolate of A. baumannii 1656-2, which was characterized to have a high biofilm forming ability, was cultivated under biofilm and planktonic conditions. Outer membrane enriched A. baumannii 1656-2 proteins were separated by two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis and the differentially expressed proteins were identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The proteins up-regulated or expressed only in biofilm cells of A. baumannii are categorized as follows: (i) proteins processing environmental information such as the outer membrane receptor protein involved in mostly Fe transport, a sensor histidine kinase/response regulator, and diguanylate cyclase (PAS-GGEDF-EAL domain); (ii) proteins involved in metabolism such as NAD-linked malate dehydrogenase, nucleoside-diphosphate sugar epimerase, putative GalE, ProFAR isomerase, and N-acetylmuramoyl-L: -alanine amidase; (iii) bacterial antibiotic resistance related proteins; and (iv) proteins related to gene repair such as exodeoxyribonuclease III and GidA. This proteomic analysis provides a fundamental platform for further studies to reveal the role of biofilm in the persistence and tolerance of A. baumannii.
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PMID:Proteomic analysis of Acinetobacter baumannii in biofilm and planktonic growth mode. 2012 67

Wheat is an important staple crop, and its productivity is severely constrained by drought stress (DS). An understanding of the molecular basis of drought tolerance is necessary for genetic improvement of wheat for tolerance to DS. The two-component system (TCS) serves as a common sensor-regulator coupling mechanism implicated in the regulation of diverse biological processes (including response to DS) not only in prokaryotes, but also in higher plants. In the latter, TCS generally consists of two signalling elements, a histidine kinase (HK) and a response regulator (RR) associated with an intermediate element called histidine phosphotransferase (HPT). Keeping in view the possible utility of TCS in developing water use efficient (WUE) wheat cultivars, we identified and characterized 62 wheat genes encoding TCS elements in a silico study; these included 7 HKs, 45 RRs along with 10 HPTs. Twelve of the 62 genes showed relatively higher alterations in the expression under drought. The quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR)-based expression analysis of these 12 TCS genes was carried out in wheat seedlings of a drought sensitive (HD2967) and a tolerant (Dharwar Dry) cultivar subjected to either dehydration stress or cytokinin treatment. The expression of these 12 genes under dehydration stress differed in sensitive and tolerant genotypes, even though for individual genes, both showed either up-regulation or down-regulation. In response to the treatment of cytokinin, the expression of type-A RR genes was higher in the tolerant genotype, relative to that in the sensitive genotype, the situation being reverse for the type-B RRs. These results have been discussed in the context of the role of TCS elements in drought tolerance in wheat.
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PMID:A multi-step phosphorelay two-component system impacts on tolerance against dehydration stress in common wheat. 2522 9