Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.12.2 (MEK)
 18,161 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant tumor with a 5-year survival rate of less than 6%, and incidence increasing year by year globally. Pancreatic cancer has a poor prognosis and a high recurrence rate, almost the same as the death rate. However, the available effective prevention and treatment measures for pancreatic cancer are still limited. The genome variation is one of the main reasons for the development of pancreatic cancer. In recent years, with the development of gene sequencing technology, in-depth research on pancreatic cancer gene mutation presents that a growing number of genetic mutations are confirmed to be in a close relationship with invasion and metastasis of pancreatic cancer. Among them, KRAS mutation is a special one. Therefore, it is particularly important to understand the mechanism of the KRAS mutation in the occurrence and development of pancreatic cancer, and to explore the method of its transformation into clinical tumor molecular targeted treatment sites, to further improve the therapeutic effect on pancreatic cancer. Therefore, to better design chemical drugs, this review based on the biological functions of KRAS, summarized the types of KRAS mutations and their relationship with pancreatic cancer and included the downstream signaling pathway Raf-MEK-ERK, PI3K-AKT, RalGDS-Ral of KRAS and the current medicinal treatment methods for KRAS mutations. Moreover, drug screening and clinical treatment for KRAS mutated cell and animal models of pancreatic cancer are also reviewed along with the prospect of targeted medicinal chemistry therapy for precision treatment of pancreatic cancer in the future.
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PMID:Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homologue (KRAS) Mutations in the Occurrence and Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer. 3145 20

The genetic alterations in cancer cells are tightly linked to signaling pathway dysregulation. Ras is a key molecule that controls several tumorigenesis-related processes, and mutations in RAS genes often lead to unbiased intensification of signaling networks that fuel cancer progression. In this article, we review recent studies that describe mutant Ras-regulated signaling routes and their cross-talk. In addition to the two main Ras-driven signaling pathways, i.e., the RAF/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways, we have also collected emerging data showing the importance of Ras in other signaling pathways, including the RAC/PAK, RalGDS/Ral, and PKC/PLC signaling pathways. Moreover, microRNA-regulated Ras-associated signaling pathways are also discussed to highlight the importance of Ras regulation in cancer. Finally, emerging data show that the signal alterations in specific cell types, such as cancer stem cells, could promote cancer development. Therefore, we also cover the up-to-date findings related to Ras-regulated signal transduction in cancer stem cells.
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PMID:The effects of mutant Ras proteins on the cell signalome. 3264 36


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