Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.12.2 (MEK)
 18,161 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have recently characterized a human bladder cancer cell line T24 and a more aggressive lineage related variant of it, T24T. To gain further insights, we have studied their metastatic ability in an in vivo model system. Results show that T24 forms significantly fewer [4/12 (1/11) mice had metastases with 1-2 lesions/mouse] metastasis in SCID/bg mice than T24T [14/14 (6/6) mice had metastases with a mean of 24-28 lesions/mouse]. To begin exploring the mechanisms underlying this difference, we evaluated the mRNA and protein expression levels of metastasis-suppressor genes, known to be important in the progression of other cancers, in our model of bladder cancer progression. A higher mRNA expression of BRMS1, a metastasis suppressor in breast cancer, was observed in T24 cells. In addition, RhoGDI2 mRNA expression was only observed in T24 when compared to T24T, suggesting that Rho activation might play a significant role in the metastatic cascade. However, a basal level mRNA expression of KISS1, described as metastasis suppressor in melanoma and breast, was observed in both the lines and had slightly higher expression in T24T. No difference of Nm23-H1, KAI1, MKK4/SEK1 and E-Cadherin protein levels were noted between these two lines. In summary, it appears that the T24/T24T paired cell lines constitute a useful model for the study of human bladder cancer metastasis that will allow both the discovery and mechanistic evaluation of genes potentially involved in this process.
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PMID:The relationship of BRMS1 and RhoGDI2 gene expression to metastatic potential in lineage related human bladder cancer cell lines. 1159 9

Once cancer cells have spread and formed secondary masses, breast cancers are largely incurable even with state-of-the-art medicine. To improve diagnosis and therapy, better markers are needed to distinguish cells which have a high probability for causing clinically relevant, macroscopic metastases. In this review, we summarize the several genes that regulate breast cancer metastasis. Two categories of genes are presented--metastasis activator (ras, MEK1, mta1, proteinases, adhesion molecules, chemoattractants/receptors, autotaxin, PKC, S100A4, RhoC, osteopontin) and metastasis suppressor (Nm23, E-cadherin, TIMPs, KiSS1, Kai1, Maspin, MKK4, BRMS1). While the mechanisms of action for most of these genes are not fully elucidated, some clues are emerging and are presented.
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PMID:Genetic basis of human breast cancer metastasis. 1201 33

Metastasis is the most lethal attribute of cancer, which severely affects the effectiveness and prognosis of cancer patients. The discovery of metastasis suppressor genes will provide important clues for the predictive diagnosis and interferential therapies of metastasis. However, there have been few metastasis suppressor genes discovered till now. And this kind of research has not been reported domestically yet. In order to promote this research, this paper reviewed the theoretical principles and technical approaches for the functional localization and cloning strategy for metastasis suppressor genes, which mainly include microcell mediated chromosome transfer, PCR analysis of site tagged sites, and spontaneous metastasis analysis. The metastasis suppressor genes, KAI-1, KiSS-1, MKK4, and BRMS1, discovered by this technique and the application of this technique in prostate cancer, melanoma, and liver cancer are also reviewed.
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PMID:[Research on functional localization and cloning of metastasis suppressor genes]. 1461 61