Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.11.8 (FAST)
 758 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To determine whether antibodies to defined B-cell epitopes of Plasmodium falciparum antigens were related to protection against parasitemic attacks in highly exposed pregnant women, two samples of 235 with no initial P. falciparum parasitemia (NP) and 89 multigravidas who presented initial P. falciparum parasitemia (IP) were enrolled in an antimalarial prophylaxis trial in the Mangochi District in Malawi. Sera were collected under effective prophylaxis and tested for antibody measurement using FAST-ELISA. Mean antibody titers to synthetic peptides reproducing the 3 major B-cell epitopes of the ring-infected erythrocyte surface antigen (Pf155/RESA), as (EENV)4, (EENVEHDA)4 and (DDEHVEEPTVA)3, were higher in the NP than in the IP multigravidas, and this remained consistent within the season of malaria transmission (all p < 0.05). All antibodies to Pf155/RESA were positively intercorrelated within each group. Mean antibody titers to peptide (PNAN)5 reproducing the major B-cell epitope of the circumsporozoite protein (CS protein) were similar between NP and IP multigravidas in both dry and rainy season. Antibodies to Pf155/RESA epitopes may contribute to immune protection against blood-stage parasite multiplication in these highly malaria-exposed pregnant women.
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PMID:Antibodies to ring-infected erythrocyte surface antigen (Pf155/RESA) protect against P. falciparum parasitemia in highly exposed multigravidas women in Malawi. 752 68

Monoclonal antibodies were raised against the RRA strain of Toxoplasma gondii, and those with specific reactivity against tissue cysts were selected by differential FAST-ELISA screen. One clone, E7B2, reacted with a novel cyst-specific molecule of approximate molecular weight 29,000. The molecule is predominantly found in soluble fractions from intact cysts and bradyzoites, and immunofluorescence studies suggest that it accumulates in the matrix of the cyst. Western blotting experiments show the molecule to be a minor antigen recognized by polyclonal antisera from infected mice.
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PMID:Toxoplasma gondii: identification and characterization of a cyst molecule. 753 23

Homology detection in large data bases is probably the most time consuming operation in molecular genetic computing systems. Moreover, the progresses made all around the world concerning the mapping and sequencing of the genome of Homo Sapiens and other species have increased the size of data bases exponentially. Therefore even the best workstation would not be able to reach the scanning speed required. In order to answer this need we propose an algorithm, A2R2, and its implementation on a massively parallel system. Basically, two kinds of algorithms are used to search in molecular genetic data bases. The first kind is based on dynamic programming and the second on word processing, A2R2 belongs to the second kind. The structure of the motif (pattern) searched by A2R2 can support those from FAST, BLAST and FLASH algorithms. After a short presentation of the reconfigurable hardware concept and technology used in our massively parallel accelerator we present the A2R2 implementation. This parallel implementation outperforms any kind of previously published genetic data base scanning hardware or algorithms. We report up to 25 million nucleotides per scanning seconds as our best results.
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PMID:High speed pattern matching in genetic data base with reconfigurable hardware. 758

The FAST and SLOW lines of mice are being selectively bred in replicate for differential sensitivities to the locomotor activating effects of ethanol. Whereas FAST-1 and FAST-2 mice are stimulated by 2.0 g/kg ethanol, SLOW-1 and SLOW-2 mice are not stimulated, and are often depressed, by this dose. The dopamine antagonists, SCH-23390 (D1) and raclopride (D2), produced dose-dependent decreases in the locomotor activity of EtOH-naive mice of both lines and replicates; however, FAST and SLOW mice were not differentially sensitive to these effects. The absence of a line difference in activity response to the dopamine antagonists suggests that dopamine receptor function has not been altered by selective breeding for differences in sensitivity to the stimulant effects of ethanol. The ethanol-stimulated activity of FAST-1 and FAST-2 mice was decreased by administration of the dopamine antagonists, haloperidol and raclopride, at doses that had no effect on basal locomotor activity. SCH-23390 decreased ethanol-stimulated activity of FAST-1, but not FAST-2 mice. The ethanol-induced activity changes of SLOW mice were generally unaffected by antagonist administration. These results suggest a role for dopaminergic systems in mediating ethanol-stimulated activity in selectively bred FAST mice. Coadministration of SCH-23390 and raclopride decreased ethanol-induced activation to a greater degree than either drug alone, further suggesting that both D1 and D2 receptor systems contribute to the full expression of the ethanol stimulant response.
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PMID:Dopamine antagonist effects on locomotor activity in naive and ethanol-treated FAST and SLOW selected lines of mice. 759 19

Two groups of sheep were exposed to Fasciola hepatica and Schistosoma mansoni/F. hepatica infections, respectively, to determine the time of appearance of F. hepatica circulating excretory-secretory (FhES) antigens. Five sheep were infected orally with 400 F. hepatica metacercariae. Five additional sheep were infected first percutaneously with 5000 S. mansoni cercariae, and 10 weeks later orally with 400 F. hepatica metacercariae. Antigen detection was performed in the two groups by a double antibody microELISA. In the group infected with F. hepatica, circulating FhES antigens were detected in all five animals. In the group infected first with S. mansoni none of the sera had positive optical density values for FhES antigens throughout the 10 week period following infection. After F. hepatica challenge, FhES antigens were detected in all animals. Thus, sheep infected with S. mansoni did not develop detectable F. hepatica circulating antigens during the 10 week period following Schistosoma infection. Anti-FhES antibodies were detected by FAST-ELISA, and all animals infected with F. hepatica were positive. In the group infected with S. mansoni, cross-reactive antibodies to F. hepatica were detected by 4-6 weeks post infection. All sheep with double infections showed high antibody levels by 2 weeks after infection with F. hepatica.
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PMID:Detection of excretory-secretory circulating antigens in sheep infected with Fasciola hepatica and with Schistosoma mansoni and F. hepatica. 763 28

The murine serological response to Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoite and cyst antigens was determined using FAST-ELISA. The serum IgG response to tachyzoite antigen was much stronger than that to cyst antigen. Adsorption of immune sera with tachyzoite antigen sharply reduced the reactivity in ELISA with tachyzoite antigen, but had no effect on the titre against cyst antigen, implying that there is virtually no antigenic overlap between the 2 stages. In sequential sera from infected mice the IgG antibody response against tachyzoites was always higher than the response to cyst antigen, whereas the IgM response to cysts was always higher than that to tachyzoites and remained detectable for at least 11 months.
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PMID:Toxoplasma gondii: reactivity of murine sera against tachyzoite and cyst antigens via FAST-ELISA. 763 42

MR cholangiography offers a noninvasive method of obtaining images of the biliary system without the use of a contrast agent. There is no radiation exposure. Pulse sequences can be chosen to obtain bright bile or black bile cholangiograms. Image processing algorithms can be selected to obtain a three-dimensional representation of biliary anatomy and pathology, and those images can be rotated in any plane so that ductal anatomy and pathology can be seen to best advantage. In patients with a nonobstructed biliary system, the RHD, LHD, CHD, CBD, and distal PD are usually visible. In patients with choledocholithiasis, the CE-FAST technique has demonstrated higher diagnostic accuracy than the FSE approach, although TRAP image reconstruction probably would improve the accuracy of the FSE technique in detecting stones. In patients with malignant biliary obstruction, FSE is considerably more accurate in determining the cause of obstruction than is CE-FAST. Furthermore, MR cholangiography compares favorably with ERCP, prompting one author to suggest that, in selected patients, MR cholangiography might be used instead of direct cholangiography or to direct invasive techniques. With continued technologic advancements, MR cholangiography will no doubt improve as well. In particular, the possibility of a breath-hold, multicoil, FSE cholangiogram, obtained with the stronger gradients on an echo planar system, potentially combines the key advantages of CE-FAST and conventional FSE techniques. It may be that in the not-too-distant future, all patients with obstructive jaundice will be imaged first with MR imaging. In addition to the typical axial images of the abdomen required for staging, an MR cholangiogram will be obtained in a matter of a few seconds. An MR angiogram will also be performed to determine vascular anatomy and pathology. MR spectroscopy might also be used to obtain additional diagnostic information. All of this would be done in less than an hour, noninvasively, and with no radiation. Some patients would then require percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography or ERCP. Others would undergo MR-guided biopsy. Eventually, still other patients might go directly to surgery.
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PMID:Magnetic resonance cholangiography. 764 42

The study compares results of skin test and assessments of venom specific IgE levels (FAST) in patients with Hymenoptera sting allergic reactions. Results of the two diagnostic methods show considerable correlation. Positive correlation occurred in 90% of the patients (92.4% bee venom sensitive allergic patients and 80% wasp venom sensitive patients). Negative correlation occurred in 2% of the patients. In the remaining 8% of the group the results did not correlate. Basophil histamine release test was performed in 13 patients with allergic reactions after stinging. 77% of the basophil histamine release test results showed positive correlation with the other two tests. No correlation was found between the size skin test, the class of the FAST test, and the result of basophil histamine release test. No relationship was found either, between results of the described test and the severity of sting reaction classified to Mueller scale.
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PMID:[Evaluation of diagnostic value of skin test, venom specific antibodies against EgE and basophil histamine release test in hymenoptera allergy]. 769 38

Brain NMDA receptor responses and their sensitivity to ethanol in vitro were determined in replicate lines of FAST and SLOW mice, selectively bred for differences in sensitivity to the locomotor stimulant effects of a low dose of ethanol. L-Glutamate-stimulated increases in the intracellular free calcium concentration (Cai) were determined in microsacs, a cell-free brain membrane preparation, isolated from hippocampus or cerebral cortex. Previous work showed that L-glutamate-stimulated increases in Cai in microsacs are mediated by activation of NMDA receptors. The concentration response for L-glutamate-stimulated increases in Cai did not differ between the lines in either hippocampal or cerebrocortical microsacs. Ethanol produced a concentration-dependent decrease in L-glutamate-stimulated increases in Cai in hippocampal and cerebrocortical microsacs from SLOW mice, but this effect of ethanol was reduced or absent in microsacs isolated from FAST mice. Resting Cai and the ability of a high ethanol concentration to increase resting Cai did not differ between the lines. These results suggest that differences in the sensitivity of brain NMDA receptors to the effects of ethanol determine, at least in part, differences in the locomotor stimulant effects of low doses of ethanol in FAST and SLOW mice. These differences are not due to ethanol effects on resting Cai.
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PMID:Ethanol sensitivity of brain NMDA receptors in mice selectively bred for differences in response to the low-dose locomotor stimulant effects of ethanol. 769 47

Alcohol-induced locomotor stimulation in mice may provide an animal model of human euphoric responses to moderate alcohol (ethanol) doses. If a common mechanism mediates sensitivity to both drug reward (reinforcement) and drug stimulation, rodent models of drug stimulation would provide powerful tools for investigating drug reinforcement. In addition, stimulant sensitivity might provide a simple marker for susceptibility to ethanol reward, and perhaps addiction (e.g., Newlin and Thomson, 1991). This short report describes the use of three genetic mouse models, (1) FAST and SLOW selectively bred lines, (2) BXD Recombinant Inbred Strains, and (3) a panel of inbred strains of diverse genetic origin, to explore mechanisms mediating ethanol stimulation and reinforcement.
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PMID:Use of genetically distinct mouse populations to explore ethanol reinforcement. 774 38


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